Background: Pineal tissue was compound with 2 types of cell known as pinealocytes and astrocyte cell. Furthermore, microanatomical research of pineal body is a rare procedure conducted for several years even in Indonesia, and its anatomical aspect needs to be explained.  Aim: enrich the scope of knowledge related to mammalian pineal within the pineal body. Methods: 3 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus), especially their pineal tissue, was extracted by pinealectomy method as a histotechnical procedure in a laboratory setting was prepared. Result: Pinealocytes characteristic are basophilic, large, regularly nucleus and a lot of mitochondria. On the other side, astrocyte has longer cytoplasmic processus found around the perivascular area and among the pinealocytes one. Conclusion: The quantities of pinealocytes appear as a most dominant cell that fills the inner part of the pineal body and probable to synchronize the production of melatonin and entirely supported by their neighbor, astrocyte cells.

 

Keywords: histotechnical method, pinealectomy, epiphysis

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in infants. As one of the disease-based environment, the availability of clean water, sanitation and hygiene is one of the key actors in the incidence of diarrhea. As one of the efforts to improve sanitation and hygiene, health center movement Manggis I community health center develops behaviors of live clean and healthy (PHBS) at the family level. The lowest percentage of households classified by PHBS located in the Gegelang Village which amount is 46%. Among the 10 points PHBS, the cause of diarrhea in infants can be sourced history of exclusive breastfeeding, use of unclean water, the habit of not washing hands with soap and clean water, and does not have healthy latrines. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving seventy-five respondents, i.e. mothers with under five children (12-60 months) in Hamlet Gegelang, Kalanganyar, and Pakel, Gegelang Village. Sampling technique is done by using accidental sampling method. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. In this research is found only 13 of 75 (17.3%) of respondents said that the children did not have diarrhea in the last 1 year. A total of 53 respondents (70.7%) said that they did not give exclusive breastfeeding to her child. All respondents had access to clean water, but only 32 of 75 (42.7%) of respondents who process a clean water with appropriate way before drunk. Good hand washing habits only depicted in 30 of 75 (40%) of respondents. Latrine ownership were vary from having latrine with standards compliant (38.7%), have latrine but do not fit to standards-compliant (25.3%), and did not have latrine (36.0%). Conclusion of cross-tabulations showed a trend increase in the number history of diarrhea in under five children on the implementation of PHBS that do not fit to health standards.

Vitiligo merupakan kelainan pigmen yang karakteristik dengan adanya destruksi progresif
melanosit matur di epidermis akibat respon autoimun. Terapi vitiligo bertujuan memulihkan
pigmentasi yaitu mengganti melanosit yang rusak dengan melanosit yang baru yang berasal dari
melanocyte Stem Cell unit folikel rambut. Melanosit folikel rambut ini berperan penting dalam
repigmentasi lesi vitiligo. Pola repigmentasi pada vitiligo meliputi repigmentasi perifolikuler,
repigmentasi difus, repigmentasi marginal, kombinasi, dan medium spottled. Mekanisme repigmentasi
melalui melanosit berasal dari tepi lesi vitiligo, bulge, selubung akar luar rambut dan dermal serta
epidermal precursors melanocyte yang persisten terletak di tengah lesi vitiligo, yang bermigrasi
secara sentrifugal sehingga menyebabkan pigmentasi difus. Proliferasi dan diferensiasi melanosit ini
juga tergantung pada growth factor, gen, faktor transkripsi dan jalur signaling pada proses
melanogenesis. Seiring dengan perkembangan biologi molekuler, penelitian-penelitian saat ini
berfokus pada Melanocyte Stem Cell folikel rambut dan terus dikembangkan sebagai terapi vitiligo
di masa depan.

Background: Hypertension remains a public health issue in Indonesia as its prevalence increases considerably. Adherence to treatment is an important factor in the long-term health and well-being of hypertensive patients. Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2007 reported that the prevalence of hypertension in the population aged over 18 years in Indonesia is as high as 31.7%, of which only 7.2% known that they had hypertension and only 0.4% took antihypertensive medications. Coverage of hypertension cases at Puskesmas Tembuku I in 2016 increased by 50% from the previous year, from 292 cases to 584 cases.

Methods: The research was conducted in the coverage area of Tembuku I Community Health Center, Bangli Regency, in 2017. The descriptive cross-sectional method was used in this research. 81 respondents were chosen as research sample using non-probability consecutive sampling method. Primary data were collected through interviews on the research sample using questionnaire and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).

Results: Most of the respondents had low medication adherence (96.3%), followed by moderate adherence (3.7%). None of the respondents had high medication adherence. Most of the respondents had low knowledge of hypertension (70.4%) and had sufficient access to healthcare facilities (71.6%). Most of the respondents reported high family support (93.8%), and high support from healthcare officials (71.6%). Most of the respondents (97.5%) reported high motivation.

Conclusion: Low medication adherence and low knowledge regarding hypertension were observed, despite sufficient access to healthcare facilities, high family and healthcare officials support, and high motivation in hypertensive patients.

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease where the adherence to therapy should be given serious attention. Compliance behavior is to obey the doctor's advice or procedure from the doctor about the use of drugs which had been prescribed by a consultation process between the patient and the patient's family physician. The health providers were influenced by two factors: behavioral and non-behavior factors which determined or shaped by three main factors such as predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors. The aim of this study to assess the compliances of taking medication in hypertensive patients at the Sukasada II Buleleng primary health care.

Method: It was a quantitative descriptive study. The respondents were all hypertension patients who come to the Sukasada II primary health care from the period of January to March 2016. Data were obtained through interviews and questionnaires distributed to respondents who met the inclusion criteria and exclusion. The univariate and bivariate analysis was conducted in this study.

Results: The results of the research show the number of 84 sample contained 1 subjects with good adherence, 14 subjects with moderate adherence, and 69 subjects with less adherence. The cross tabulation showed that poor medication adherence in the elderly (90.9%), followed by male gender (84.1%), low education (82.7%), higher knowledge (85.0%), perception at close distance (85.7%), travel time ≥ 15 minutes (86.0%), route conditions (84.1), do not have access difficulties (83.9), good family support (82.9), the low role of health care (100%), and did not have any comorbidities (83.1%).

Conclusion: The trend of hypertensive patients that are not taking medication mostly come from submissive to men, senior citizens, low educational level, and lesser role of healthcare personnel.

Background: Antibiotic resistance causes frequent infections to be difficult to treat and may aggravate the condition of infected patients which are requiring longer and more expensive antibiotic therapy. Klebsiella sp. is the most potential germ that causes nosocomial infections in the hospital. Klebsiella sp. which resulted a positive ESBL being perceived to directly exacerbate public health problems and become the center of attention in some countries, including Europe and America. Methods: This study used 32 repetitions with Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate obtained from Clinical Microbiology Installation of Sanglah General Hospital. Isolate was divided into two groups, the first group was not given the treatment of cefotaxime with sublethal concentration and the second group was given the treatment of cefotaxime with sublethal concentration. Resutls: The results of the treatment were tested by Pearson Chi Square method with the result that cefotaxime treatment with sublethal concentration significantly caused resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate and was proved by p value of 0.014 (p <0.05). Conclusions: Antibiotic test results using Vitex found isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant to more than two antibiotics and isolates are also germs that have Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL).

Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker yang paling sering terjadi pada wanita. Kasus kanker payudara pada usia muda (dibawah 40 tahun) cenderung memiliki presentase yang lebih rendah diantara usia tua, namun memiliki prognosis yang lebih buruk. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kanker payudara usia muda di Sub Bagian Bedah Onkologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah tahun 2014-2016 berdasarkan stadium, subtipe, dan jenis histopatologi.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional, yang datanya diperoleh dari data register pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Sanglah dan diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, jumlah pasien kanker payudara usia muda (<40 tahun) adalah sekitar 72 orang (14%) dari total 514 pasien kanker payudara. Rentang usia muda terbanyak adalah pada rentang usia 35-39 tahun yaitu sekitar 34 orang (47.2%). Stadium kanker payudara usia muda terbanyak adalah stadium IIIB dan IV masing-masing sebesar 19 orang (26.4%). Jenis histopatologi kanker payudara usia muda terbanyak adalah karsinoma duktal invasif sebesar 61 orang (84.7%). Subtipe kanker payudara usia muda terbanyak adalah Luminal B sebesar 31 orang (43.1%).

Simpulan: Karakteristik Kanker Payudara Usia Muda di Subbagian Bedah Onkologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah cenderung mirip dengan penelitian-penelitian yang pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, meskipun beberapa variabel yang menunjukkan angka persentase yang berbeda dengan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya.

Background: One of most emerging disease in elderly is the decreasing of cognitive function. Some factors that could affect cognitive function are sociodemographic factors such as genetics, age, gender, educational level, occupation also some diseases like a cerebrovascular disease, metabolic disease, brain tumor, and head trauma.

Methods: The purpose of this research was to understand the association between educational level and hypertension with a decrease of cognitive function in elderly. This research was analytic cross-sectional study. The number of samples that obtained was 41 elderly who met the inclusion criteria. The sample data obtained by filling an MMSE questionnaire to aces cognitive function.

Results: In general, 16 from 41 sample (39%) has a decrease in cognitive function. Bivariate analytic with chi-square method showed that there’s a significant relationship between educational level and a decrease of cognitive function (p= 0.001) while also showed that there’s no significant relationship between hypertension and decrease of cognitive function.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was a significant relationship between educational level and a decrease of cognitive function in elderly but no significant relationship between hypertension and decrease of cognitive function in elderly. The results of this study were expected to be used as a basis for further research in the future.