Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD Sanjiwani, Gianyar

Made Ayu Cynthia Windasari; Dewa Ayu Ketut Oka Sadnyani

doi:10.15562/ism.v12i1.874

Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD Sanjiwani, Gianyar

Made Ayu Cynthia Windasari ,

Dewa Ayu Ketut Oka Sadnyani ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v12i1.874 |
Published: 2021-04-30

Abstract

Introduction: Asphyxia neonatorum is a condition in which the newborn does not breathe spontaneously, regularly and adequately. The incidence of asphyxia is one of the three leading causes of death in neonates in developing countries with an estimated 21-30%. Asphyxia can result. Asphyxia can cause a variety of adverse short-term and long-term complications. Objective: The aim of this study is to know the correlation between risk factors of asphyxia in Sanjiwani hospital, Gianyar.

Methods: This research is a cross-sectional observational analytic study. Newborn who was diagnosed with asphyxia in Sanjiwani hospital between January 2019- December 2019 were included. Data, such as maternal age, mode of delivery, preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, prolong labor, low birth weight, premature and placental abnormalities were collected from medical record. The data were processed and analyzed univariate and bivariate using Chi-square test dan Fisher exact test to get prevalence ratio (PR). The value of p<0,05 was considered significant.

Results: The results showed that out of 162 cases, 46.9% of newborns had asphyxia. A bivariate analysis showed significant correlation between asphyxia and premature rupture of membranes (PR=1,748, p=0,041, CI 95% 1,211 - 3,582)), mode of delivery (PR=1,975, p=0,039: CI 95% 1,032 – 3,780), low birth weight (PR=3,662, p=0.001; IK 95% 1,733 - 7,738), premature (PR=2,461, p=0.014; CI 95% 1,185 - 5,114) dan placental abnormality (PR=8,623, p=0,018; CI 95% 1,036 - 71,785).

Conclusion: Premature rupture of membranes, mode of delivery, low birth weight, premature and placental abnormalities are risk factor that associated with neonatal asphyxia. Early detection in these risk factors was essential to decreased asphyxia.

Pendahuluan: Asfiksia neonatorum merupakan suatu kondisi dimana bayi baru lahir tidak bernapas secara spontan, adekuat dan teratur. Kejadian asfiksia adalah salah satu dari tiga penyebab kematian terbanyak pada neonatus di negara berkembang dengan perkiraan sekitar 21-30%. Asfiksia dapat menimbulkan berbagai komplikasi jangka pendek dan jangka panjang yang merugikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional potong lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah bayi baru lahir yang terdiagnosis asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD Gianyar dalam kurun waktu Januari 2019 – Desember 2019. Data berupa usia maternal, metode persalinan, preeklampsia, ketuban pecah dini, partus lama, prematuritas, berat badan lahir rendah dan kelainan plasenta didapatkan dari rekam medis. Data kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-square dan Fisher exact, serta dilakukan analisis prevalence ratio (PR). Hubungan dikatakan signifikan apabila diperoleh nilai p<0,05.

Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan dari 162 sampel, sebanyak 46,9% bayi baru lahir mengalami asfiksia. Berdasarkan hasil uji bivariat didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kejadian asfiksia neonatorum dengan ketuban pecah dini (PR=1,748, p=0,041, IK 95% 1,211 - 3,582), metode persalinan (PR=1,975, p=0,039: IK 95% 1,032 – 3,780), berat badan lahir rendah (PR=3,662, p=0.001; IK 95% 1,733 - 7,738), prematur (PR=2,461, p=0.014; IK 95% 1,185 - 5,114) dan kelainan plasenta (PR=8,623, p=0,018; IK 95% 1,036 - 71,785).

Simpulan: Ketuban pecah dini, metode persalinan, berat badan lahir rendah, prematuritas dan kelainan plasenta merupakan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya asfiksia neonatorum. Deteksi dini terhadap faktor risiko ini diharapkan dapat membantu menurunkan terjadinya asfiksia.

References

World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory Data: Neonatal Mortality. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2016. Available at https://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/neonatal.
UNICEF. Neonatal Mortality. 2019. Available at https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/neonatal
Moshiro A, Mdoe P, Periman JM. A Global View of Neonatal Asphyxia and Resuciation. Frontiers In Pediatrics.2019: 489-95.
Lee AC, Mullany LC, Tielsch JM, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC dkk. Risk Factor for Neonatal Mortality Due to Birth Asphyxia in Southern Nepal: A Prospective Community-Based Cohort Study. AAP. 2008;121(5):1381-90.
Purwaningsih Y, Dewi YLR, Indarto D, Murti B. Factor Associated With Asphyxia at Dr. Harjono Hospital, Ponorogo, East Java. Journal of Maternal and Child health. 2018;3(4):2549-57.
Kusumaningrum RY, Murti B, Prasetya H. Low Birth, Prematurity and Pre-Eclampsia as Risk Factors of Neonatal Asphyxia. Journal of Maternal and Child health. 2018;4(1):49-54.
Tasew H,Zemicheal M, Teklay G, Mariye Teklewoini, Ayele E. Risk factor of Birth Asphyxia Among Newborns in Public Hospital of Central zone,Tigray, Ethiopia. 2018. BMC.2018;11:496
Adere A, mulu A, Temesgen F. Neonatal and Maternal Complication of Placenta Praevia and Its Risk Factor in Tikur Anbesa Specialized and Gandhi Memorial Hospital: Unmatched Case-Control Study. Hindawi Journal.2020:1-9
Widyaningrum R, Emha MR, Haderiani. Hubungan Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) dengan Asfiksia Neonatorum di RSKIA PKU Muhammadiyah Kotagede Yogyakarta.2020:54-62.
Nayeri F, Shariar M, Dalili H, dkk. Perinatal risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran-Iran. Iran J Reprod Med.2012;10(2):137-140.
Aslam HM, Saleem S, Afzal R, Iqbal U, Shaikh MWA, Shahid N. Risk Factors of Birth Asphyxia. Italian Journal of Pediatrics.2012:1-9.
Abdo RA, Halil HM, Kebede BA, dkk. Prevalence and Contributing Factor of Birth Asphyxia among the neonates delivered at Negest Eleni Mohammed Memorial teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC. 2019;19:536.
Gebreheat G, Tsegay T, kiros D, dkk. Prevalence and Associated Factors of perinatal asphyxia among neonate in General Hospital of Tigray, Ethiopia. Biomed Research International.2018:1-8.
Hansen A K, Wisborg K, Uldbjerg N. Elective caesarean section and respiratory morbidity in the term and near-term neonate. Acta Obstet Gynecol. 2011;86:389–94
Utomo MT. Risk Factors for Birth Asphyxia. Folia Medica Indonesiana.201;47:211-4.
Berhe YZ, Kabedom AG, Gebregziabher L, Assefa NE, Berhe LZ, Ahmed S dkk. Risk Factors of Birth Asphyxia Among Neonates Born in Public Hospitals Tigray, Nothern Ethiopia. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Theraputic.2020(11):13-20.
Cuningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. editor. Obstetri Williams. ed 23. Jakarta:ECG. 2012.
Mc Elrath T. Preeclampsia and Related condition. Manual of neonatal care. 6th ed.Philadeplia, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins. 2012:28-33.
Ahmady, Ashriady, Mariana D. Analysis Of Prolonged Labor And Premature Rupture Of Membranes Risk Factors On The Occurrence Of Asfiksia In A New Born Babies In Mamuju District, 2017 – 2018. Pediatric Research. 2018;17(2):119–122.
Razak R, Adisasmita A. Low Birth Weight and Asphyxia Neonatorum Risk: A Case-Control Study. Advances in Health Sciences Research. 2020;25:384-7.
Downes KL, Shenass ED, Grantz KL. Neonatal Outcome Associated With Placental Abruption. Am J Epidemiol. 2017:1319-28.
Munoz JT, Rojas C, Urbano DM, Cuero DM, Orobio S, Echandia C. Risk Factors associated with the development of perinatal asphyxia in neonates at the Hospital Universitario del Valle, Calli, Columbia, 2010-2011. Biomedica.2017;37(1):51-6.

[1] World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory Data: Neonatal Mortality. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2016. Available at https://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/neonatal.

[2] UNICEF. Neonatal Mortality. 2019. Available at https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/neonatal

[3] Moshiro A, Mdoe P, Periman JM. A Global View of Neonatal Asphyxia and Resuciation. Frontiers In Pediatrics.2019: 489-95.

[4] Lee AC, Mullany LC, Tielsch JM, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC dkk. Risk Factor for Neonatal Mortality Due to Birth Asphyxia in Southern Nepal: A Prospective Community-Based Cohort Study. AAP. 2008;121(5):1381-90.

[5] Purwaningsih Y, Dewi YLR, Indarto D, Murti B. Factor Associated With Asphyxia at Dr. Harjono Hospital, Ponorogo, East Java. Journal of Maternal and Child health. 2018;3(4):2549-57.

[6] Kusumaningrum RY, Murti B, Prasetya H. Low Birth, Prematurity and Pre-Eclampsia as Risk Factors of Neonatal Asphyxia. Journal of Maternal and Child health. 2018;4(1):49-54.

[7] Tasew H,Zemicheal M, Teklay G, Mariye Teklewoini, Ayele E. Risk factor of Birth Asphyxia Among Newborns in Public Hospital of Central zone,Tigray, Ethiopia. 2018. BMC.2018;11:496

[8] Adere A, mulu A, Temesgen F. Neonatal and Maternal Complication of Placenta Praevia and Its Risk Factor in Tikur Anbesa Specialized and Gandhi Memorial Hospital: Unmatched Case-Control Study. Hindawi Journal.2020:1-9

[9] Widyaningrum R, Emha MR, Haderiani. Hubungan Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) dengan Asfiksia Neonatorum di RSKIA PKU Muhammadiyah Kotagede Yogyakarta.2020:54-62.

[10] Nayeri F, Shariar M, Dalili H, dkk. Perinatal risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran-Iran. Iran J Reprod Med.2012;10(2):137-140.

[11] Aslam HM, Saleem S, Afzal R, Iqbal U, Shaikh MWA, Shahid N. Risk Factors of Birth Asphyxia. Italian Journal of Pediatrics.2012:1-9.

[12] Abdo RA, Halil HM, Kebede BA, dkk. Prevalence and Contributing Factor of Birth Asphyxia among the neonates delivered at Negest Eleni Mohammed Memorial teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC. 2019;19:536.

[13] Gebreheat G, Tsegay T, kiros D, dkk. Prevalence and Associated Factors of perinatal asphyxia among neonate in General Hospital of Tigray, Ethiopia. Biomed Research International.2018:1-8.

[14] Hansen A K, Wisborg K, Uldbjerg N. Elective caesarean section and respiratory morbidity in the term and near-term neonate. Acta Obstet Gynecol. 2011;86:389–94

[15] Utomo MT. Risk Factors for Birth Asphyxia. Folia Medica Indonesiana.201;47:211-4.

[16] Berhe YZ, Kabedom AG, Gebregziabher L, Assefa NE, Berhe LZ, Ahmed S dkk. Risk Factors of Birth Asphyxia Among Neonates Born in Public Hospitals Tigray, Nothern Ethiopia. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Theraputic.2020(11):13-20.

[17] Cuningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. editor. Obstetri Williams. ed 23. Jakarta:ECG. 2012.

[18] Mc Elrath T. Preeclampsia and Related condition. Manual of neonatal care. 6th ed.Philadeplia, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins. 2012:28-33.

[19] Ahmady, Ashriady, Mariana D. Analysis Of Prolonged Labor And Premature Rupture Of Membranes Risk Factors On The Occurrence Of Asfiksia In A New Born Babies In Mamuju District, 2017 – 2018. Pediatric Research. 2018;17(2):119–122.

[20] Razak R, Adisasmita A. Low Birth Weight and Asphyxia Neonatorum Risk: A Case-Control Study. Advances in Health Sciences Research. 2020;25:384-7.

[21] Downes KL, Shenass ED, Grantz KL. Neonatal Outcome Associated With Placental Abruption. Am J Epidemiol. 2017:1319-28.

[22] Munoz JT, Rojas C, Urbano DM, Cuero DM, Orobio S, Echandia C. Risk Factors associated with the development of perinatal asphyxia in neonates at the Hospital Universitario del Valle, Calli, Columbia, 2010-2011. Biomedica.2017;37(1):51-6.

Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di RSUD Sanjiwani, Gianyar

Abstract

References

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