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Penanganan terkini diare pada anak: tinjauan pustaka



Abstract

Introduction: Diarrhea still ranks third as the leading cause of death for children under five years. It is estimated that as many as 800,000 deaths under five years were caused by diarrhea in 2010; 11% of the total deaths were under five years—about 80% of these deaths occurring in Africa and Southeast Asia.

Methods: This manuscript's writing used the literature review method in which a detailed search was carried out on the document in national and international databases.

Results and Discussion: The leading cause of diarrhea in children is a virus. The most commonly known virus is Rotavirus (40–60%). Viruses that enter through food and drink to enterocytes will cause infection and damage to the small intestine villi. According to WHO, there are five lines of diarrhea management, namely: adequate rehydration, zinc, nutrition, appropriate antibiotics, and education.

Conclusion: With good diarrhea management, diarrhea has a good prognosis. Death in sufferers of diarrhea is caused by severe dehydration and secondary malnutrition.

 

 

Pendahuluan : Diare masih menempati urutan ketiga sebagai penyebab kematian terbanyak untuk anak-anak dibawah lima tahun. Diperkirakan sebanyak 800.000 kematian dibawah lima tahun disebabkan oleh diare pada tahun 2010, yang merupakan 11% dari total kematian dibawah lima tahun. Dengan sekitar 80% kematian ini terjadi di Afrika dan Asia tenggara.

Metode: Penulisan naskah ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka dimana dilakukan penelusuran terdahap naskah pada database nasional dan internasional.

Hasil dan Diskusi: Penyebab utama diare pada anak oleh virus, virus terbanyak yang diketahui adalah jenis Rotavirus (40–60%). Virus dapat masuk kedalam tubuh melaui makanan dan minuman yang dikonsumsi. Setelah sampai sampai ke enterosit, virus akan menimbulkan infeksii dan kerusakan pada villii usus, terutama usus halus. Menurut badan kesehatan dunia (WHO) dipublikaskan lima lintas penatalaksanaan diare, diantaranyai: pemberian carian yang adekuat, pemberian suplement zinc, lanjutkan nutrisi sesuai, pemberian antibiotik bila diperlukan, dan edukasi orang tua.

Kesimpulan: Dengan penatalaksanaan diare yang baik, diare memiliki prognosis yang baik. Dominan, angka kematian anak yang mengalami diare disebabkan oleh karena dehidrasi berat serta malnutrisi sekunder yang tidak tertangani dengan baik.

Keywords: diare pediatri penanganan anak

References

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How to Cite

Rendang Indriyani, D. P., & Putra, I. G. N. S. (2020). Penanganan terkini diare pada anak: tinjauan pustaka. Intisari Sains Medis, 11(2), 928–932. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v11i2.848
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