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Hubungan asupan gula sederhana terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II



Abstract

Background: Type II DM is associated with lifestyle that cause obesity. Obesity is caused by excessive intake of simple sugars that cause insulin resistance.

Aim: The study aims to determine the relationship between intake of simple sugars, carbohydrates, and calories with blood glucose levels in type II DM patients.

Methods: This study was an observational analytic design, at the Western Denpasar Health Center I and II in August to September 2019. The inclusion criteria were type II DM patients without using insulin, normal BMI, and willing to participate. Exclusion criteria were type II DM patients who on diet (no carbohydrate). The number of samples was 100 people with simple random sampling technique. The procedure was started by giving informed consent, checking BMI, filling of 2x24 hour food recall, and checking blood glucose using glucometer.

Results: Calorie for men was 1059.61 kcal and women was 1081.65 kcal. Carbohydrate intake in men was 149.15 grams and in women was 157.26 grams. Simple sugar intake in men is 24.98 grams and in women is 28.41 grams. There is a relationship between intake of simple sugars, carbohydrate, and calories with blood glucose levels (p = 0,000; p = 0.001; p = 0.024) and correlation strength (r = 0.44; r = 0.32; r = 0.23).

Conclusion: There is a moderate correlation between simple sugar intake and carbohydrate intake with blood glucose levels and a weak correlation between calorie intake and blood glucose levels.

 

Latar Belakang: DM tipe II berhubungan dengan gaya hidup, salah satunya adalah obesitas. Obesitas ini disebabkan oleh asupan gula sederhana yang berlebih yang menyebabkan resistensi insulin. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan gula sederhana, karbohidrat, dan kalori dengan kadar glukosa dalam darah pada pasien DM tipe II.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I dan Puskesmas Denpasar Barat II pada Agustus hingga September 2019. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien DM tipe II tanpa menggunakan insulin, indeks massa tubuh normal, dan bersedia untuk mengikuti penelitian. Kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien DM tipe II yang melakukan diet tanpa mengonsumsi karbohidrat. Jumlah sampel sebesar 100 orang dengan teknik simple random sampling. Prosedur penelitian diawali dengan pemberian informed consent, pengecekan indeks massa tubuh, pengisian data food recall 2x24 jam, dan pengecekan glukosa darah sewaktu dengan glukometer. Analisis data adalah uji univariat dengan Uji Kolmogorov Smirnov dan uji bivariat dengan Uji Spearman.

Hasil: Asupan kalori per hari pada laki-laki sebesar 1059,61 kkal dan perempuan sebesar 1081,65 kkal. Asupan karbohidrat pada laki-laki sebesar 149,15 gram dan pada perempuan sebesar 157,26 gram. Asupan gula sederhana pada laki-laki sebesar 24,98 gram dan pada perempuan sebesar 28,41 gram. Analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara asupan gula sederhana, karbohidrat, dan kalori dengan kadar glukosa darah (p=0,000; p=0,001; p=0,024) dan kekuatan korelasi (r=0,44; r=0,32; r=0,23).

Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi sedang antara asupan gula sederhana dan asupan karbohidrat dengan kadar glukosa darah dan korelasi lemah antara asupan kalori dengan kadar glukosa darah.

Keywords: DM tipe II asupan glukosa

References

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How to Cite

Kosasih, A. M., Sutadarma, I. W. G., & Dewi, N. N. A. (2020). Hubungan asupan gula sederhana terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II. Intisari Sains Medis, 11(3), 973–977. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v11i3.676
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Anastasya Maria Kosasih
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I Wayan Gede Sutadarma
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Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi
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