Satu kasus sarkoma Kaposi pada seorang laki-laki biseksual dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus stadium IV

Ni Made Dwi Puspawati; I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis Indira; Putu Ayu Dewita Ganeswari

doi:10.15562/ism.v14i2.1787

Satu kasus sarkoma Kaposi pada seorang laki-laki biseksual dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus stadium IV

Ni Made Dwi Puspawati ,

I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis Indira ,

Putu Ayu Dewita Ganeswari ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i2.1787 |
Published: 2023-09-06

Abstract

Background: A disorder that manifests on the skin and can be a marker of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular and lymphatic neoplasm caused by human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma is common in homosexuals, bisexuals, and intravenous drug users. This case report will discuss a case of KS in a patient with stage IV human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Case description: A male, 25 years old, with a chief complaint of lumps on the face and body since 7 months ago. Initially, the lumps were few and small, but they have increased in number and size in the last 2 months. Some lumps are purplish red, but there are also skin-colored lumps. There is a history of fever with diarrhea since the previous 6 months and a drastic weight loss in the last 7 months. Dermatological status in the fascial region, anterior and posterior thorax, efflorescences were found multiple nodules, purplish red to skin color, varying in size. Histopathologic examination showed a picture consistent with KS. There was no specific therapy for this patient from the Department of Dermatology and Venereology. Gradually, the patient continued treatment for HIV infection and tracing of other opportunistic infections.

Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular and lymphatic neoplasm sign of AIDS. Treatment in KS focuses more on antiretrovirals for HIV infection.

Latar belakang: Salah satu kelainan yang bermanifestasi pada kulit dan dapat menjadi penanda acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) adalah sarkoma Kaposi (SK). Sarkoma Kaposi merupakan neoplasma vaskular dan limfatik yang disebabkan human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). Sarkoma Kaposi terkait AIDS paling sering ditemukan pada kelompok homoseksual, biseksual, dan pengguna obat-obatan intravena. Laporan kasus ini akan membahas kasus SK pada pasien dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stadium IV.

Deskripsi kasus: Seorang laki-laki, 25 tahun, dengan keluhan utama benjolan di wajah dan badan sejak 7 bulan yang lalu. Awalnya benjolan berjumlah sedikit dan berukuran kecil, namun makin lama makin banyak dan bertambah besar dalam 2 bulan terakhir. Beberapa benjolan berwarna merah keunguan, namun terdapat juga yang sewarna kulit. Terdapat riwayat demam hilang timbul disertai diare sejak 6 bulan terakhir dan penurunan berat badan drastis dalam 7 bulan terakhir. Status dermatologis pada regio fasialis, toraks anterior et posterior didapatkan efloresensi nodul multipel, berwarna merah keunguan hingga sewarna kulit, ukuran bervariasi. Pada pemeriksaan histopatologi didapatkan gambaran sesuai dengan sarkoma Kaposi. Tidak ada terapi spesifik untuk pasien ini dari Departemen Dermatologi dam Venereologi. Secara bertahap, pasien melanjutkan terapi untuk infeksi HIV dan penelusuran infeksi oportunistik lain.

Simpulan: Sarkoma kaposi merupakan neoplasma vaskular dan limfatik yang menjadi penanda kondisi AIDS. Terapi pada SK lebih menitikberatkan pada terapi penyakit dasar yaitu pemberian antiretroviral untuk infeksi HIV.

References

Dewi I, Hidayati A. Manifestasi Kelainan Kulit pada Pasien HIV & AIDS. Berk Ilmu Kesehat Kulit dan Kelamin. 2015;27(2):97–105.
Luis H, Fridayantara WD, Mahariski PA, Wignall FS, Irwanto I, Gedela K. Evolving ART crisis for people living with HIV in Indonesia. Lancet HIV. 2020;7(6):E384–5.
Lipworth A, Freeman E, Saavedra A. Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV and Human T-Lymphotropic Virus. In: Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner A, Enk A, Margolis D, McMichael A, et al., editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology 9th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019. p. 3119–21.
Wan X, Lu X, Wubuli M, Abuliz P. Clinical features and prognosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Urumchi, China. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2018;11(6):5829–37.
Colafigli M, Bonadies A, Ferraresi V, Tonachella R, Cristaudo A, Latini A. Kaposi Sarkoma in HIV-infected patients: an infectious-dermatological outpatient service experience. Infect Dis Trop Med. 2017;3(3):E410-5.
Ferla L, Pinzone M, Nunnari G, Martellotta F, Lieshi A, Tirelli U. Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-positive patients: the state of art in the HAART-era. Rev fo Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17:2354–65.
Gonzalves P, Ziegelbauer J, Uldrick T, Yarchoan R. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated cancers and related disease. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2017;12:47–56.
Anonim. Register Pasien Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin divisi Tumor dan Bedah Kulit Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Prof. dr. I G. N. G. Ngoerah Denpasar tahun 2018-2019. Denpasar; 2019.
Corti M, Villafañe M, Metta H, Trione N, Baré P, Gilardi L. Detection of Kaposi´s sarcoma-associated human herpes virus type 8 DNA in biopsy smears of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Glob Dermatol. 2016;3:238–40.
Corti M, Correa J, Nano M, Saccheri C, Lewi D, Campitelli A. Disseminated Kaposi’s Sarcoma as Primary Manifestation of AIDS. Clin Oncol. 2018;3:1532–7.
Schneider J, Dittmer D. Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017;18(4):529–39.
Hoffmann C, Sabranski M, Esser S. HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Oncol Res Treat. 2017;40:94–8.
Kelati A, Mernissi F. The Rainbow pattern in dermoscopy: A zoom on nonkaposi sarcoma skin diseases. Biomed J. 2018;209–10.
Khondker L. Dermatological Manifestations of HIV/AIDS. J Enam Med Coll. 2019;9(3):185–8.
Gwaram B, Yusuf S. Clinical presentation and treatment outcome of HIV associated Kaposi sarcoma in a tertiary health centre in Nigeria. J Med Res. 2016;2(4):110–3.
Raluca J, Oana S, Eliza M, Serban B, Otilia B, Adriana H. Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV Infected Patients. Acta Medica Marisiensis. 2016;62(2):285–8.

[1] Dewi I, Hidayati A. Manifestasi Kelainan Kulit pada Pasien HIV & AIDS. Berk Ilmu Kesehat Kulit dan Kelamin. 2015;27(2):97–105.

[2] Luis H, Fridayantara WD, Mahariski PA, Wignall FS, Irwanto I, Gedela K. Evolving ART crisis for people living with HIV in Indonesia. Lancet HIV. 2020;7(6):E384–5.

[3] Lipworth A, Freeman E, Saavedra A. Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV and Human T-Lymphotropic Virus. In: Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner A, Enk A, Margolis D, McMichael A, et al., editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology 9th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019. p. 3119–21.

[4] Wan X, Lu X, Wubuli M, Abuliz P. Clinical features and prognosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma in Urumchi, China. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2018;11(6):5829–37.

[5] Colafigli M, Bonadies A, Ferraresi V, Tonachella R, Cristaudo A, Latini A. Kaposi Sarkoma in HIV-infected patients: an infectious-dermatological outpatient service experience. Infect Dis Trop Med. 2017;3(3):E410-5.

[6] Ferla L, Pinzone M, Nunnari G, Martellotta F, Lieshi A, Tirelli U. Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-positive patients: the state of art in the HAART-era. Rev fo Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17:2354–65.

[7] Gonzalves P, Ziegelbauer J, Uldrick T, Yarchoan R. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated cancers and related disease. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2017;12:47–56.

[8] Anonim. Register Pasien Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin divisi Tumor dan Bedah Kulit Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Prof. dr. I G. N. G. Ngoerah Denpasar tahun 2018-2019. Denpasar; 2019.

[9] Corti M, Villafañe M, Metta H, Trione N, Baré P, Gilardi L. Detection of Kaposi´s sarcoma-associated human herpes virus type 8 DNA in biopsy smears of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Glob Dermatol. 2016;3:238–40.

[10] Corti M, Correa J, Nano M, Saccheri C, Lewi D, Campitelli A. Disseminated Kaposi’s Sarcoma as Primary Manifestation of AIDS. Clin Oncol. 2018;3:1532–7.

[11] Schneider J, Dittmer D. Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017;18(4):529–39.

[12] Hoffmann C, Sabranski M, Esser S. HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Oncol Res Treat. 2017;40:94–8.

[13] Kelati A, Mernissi F. The Rainbow pattern in dermoscopy: A zoom on nonkaposi sarcoma skin diseases. Biomed J. 2018;209–10.

[14] Khondker L. Dermatological Manifestations of HIV/AIDS. J Enam Med Coll. 2019;9(3):185–8.

[15] Gwaram B, Yusuf S. Clinical presentation and treatment outcome of HIV associated Kaposi sarcoma in a tertiary health centre in Nigeria. J Med Res. 2016;2(4):110–3.

[16] Raluca J, Oana S, Eliza M, Serban B, Otilia B, Adriana H. Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV Infected Patients. Acta Medica Marisiensis. 2016;62(2):285–8.

Satu kasus sarkoma Kaposi pada seorang laki-laki biseksual dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus stadium IV

Abstract

References

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