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Karakteristik anemia pada penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (DMT2) di RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah, Bali, Indonesia tahun 2019-2021



Abstract

Background: In Indonesia, diabetes is the third most common cause of death after stroke and ischemic heart disease in 2019. The prevalence of diabetes has increased by approximately 49.9% since 2009. Anemia is a common complication of diabetes and has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease in diabetic patients. Even so, approximately 25% of anemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still not recognized.

Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional research method. The data were taken from the patient's medical records using the consecutive sampling technique. The subjects of this study were T2DM patients registered at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. Data that comply with the inclusion and exclusion criteria are then processed with SPSS version 20.0 for Windows.

Results: This study found that 28.9% of T2DM patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital suffered from anemia. Most T2DM patients with anemia came from 50-59 years and 60-69 years (34.6%) and were male (69.2%). The most frequent type of anemia was the normochromic normocytic type (76.9%). When viewed from the severity, the most common anemia found was mild anemia (88.5%).

Conclusion: Compared to the general population, T2DM patients have a higher risk of anemia. Anemia in T2DM can also trigger and worsen complications. Therefore, early detection and management of anemia are needed in T2DM patients.

 

Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia, diabetes merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak ketiga setelah stroke dan penyakit jantung iskemik pada tahun 2019. Prevalensi diabetes meningkat sebanyak kira-kira 49,9% dari tahun 2009. Anemia merupakan komplikasi diabetes yang umum ditemukan, dan telah diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko dari penyakit kardiovaskular serta penyakit ginjal stadium akhir pada pasien diabetes. Meski begitu, kurang lebih 25% anemia pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) masih tidak dikenali.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode penelitian cross-sectional. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pasien DMT2 yang terdaftar di RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah pada Januari 2019 hingga Desember 2021. Data yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi kemudian diolah dengan SPSS versi 20.0 untuk Windows.

Hasil: Pada studi ini ditemukan bahwa 28,9% pasien DMT2 di RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah menderita anemia. Pasien DMT2 dengan anemia kebanyakan berasal dari kelompok usia 50-59 tahun dan 60-69 tahun (keduanya 34,6%), dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki (69,2%). Tipe anemia yang paling banyak muncul yaitu tipe normokromik normositer (76,9%). Apabila dilihat dari derajatnya, anemia yang paling banyak diderita adalah anemia ringan (88,5%).

Kesimpulan: Jika dibandingkan dengan populasi umum, pasien DMT2 memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk menderita anemia. Anemia pada DMT2 juga dapat memacu serta memperburuk komplikasi. Oleh karena itu, deteksi dini dan manajemen anemia sangat diperlukan pada pasien DMT2.

Keywords: anemia DMT2 Prevalensi Usia Jenis Kelamin

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How to Cite

Saraswati, P. A. V., Rena, N. M. R. A., Dwipayana, I. M. P., & Putra, T. R. (2023). Karakteristik anemia pada penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (DMT2) di RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah, Bali, Indonesia tahun 2019-2021. Intisari Sains Medis, 14(2), 630–634. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i2.1734
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Putu Anasita Vira Saraswati
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Ni Made Renny Anggreni Rena
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I Made Pande Dwipayana
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Tjokorda Raka Putra
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