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Pola transmisi dan komorbid COVID-19 pada anak di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin

  • Edi Hartoyo ,
  • Jade Irene Linardi ,


Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Until now, the current understanding of the COVID-19 transmission pattern in the pediatric population is still limited. Data regarding the comorbid presented in the pediatric population is also limited, despite its importance as a determinant of COVID-19 severity. The aim of this study is to know the transmission pattern and comorbid in confirmed COVID-19 cases in pediatrics so that prevention can be made in children at risk of the virus transmission.

Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 0-18 years with confirmed COVID-19 cases based on RT-PCR between March 2020-2022 in the Department of Child Health/Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin. There were 92 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. Parents were interviewed to know the source of the virus transmission. Comorbid that were present were also recorded.

Results: There were 53% confirmed COVID-19 cases in the age group 0-5 years. Out of 92 samples, 67% presented with comorbid, mostly with haemato-oncology disease. There were only 10% of cases classified as severe cases. Based on an interview with the parents, the primary source of the virus transmission depends on the age group. Parents (71.3%) were the primary source within the age group 0-5 years, while school and community were the primary sources within the age group >5 – 10 years and >10 – 18 years, respectively 66% and 32%.

Conclusion: COVID-19 transmission in the pediatric population has different primary sources of infection depending on the age group. The most comorbid that were presented in COVID-19 cases is haemato-oncology disease which can be classified as immunocompromised patients.

 

Latar Belakang: COVID-19 merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Hingga saat ini, pola transmisi COVID-19 maupun data terkait komorbid pada populasi pediatri masih terbatas, meskipun hal tersebut sangat penting sebagai salah satu faktor penentu derajat keparahan COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pola transmisi serta ada terkait komorbid pada kasus COVID-19 terkonfirmasi pada pediatri, agar pencegahan penularan dapat dilakukan terutama pada anak yang berisiko tertular virus tersebut.

Metode: Studi observasional dengan metode potong lintang ini dilakukan pada anak berusia 0-18 tahun yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 berdasarkan pemeriksaaan RT-PCR selama periode Maret 2020-2022 pada departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak/Rumah Sakit Ulin Banjarmasin. Total anak yang dirawat dengan diagnose COVID-19 terkonfirmasi adalah 92 pasien. Data terkait komorbid yang ada juga dicatat dan dianalisa.

Hasil: Terdapat 53% kasus COVID-19 terkonfirmasi pada kelompok usia 0-5 tahun. Dari total 92 sampel penelitian, 67% pasien memiliki komorbid, dengan yang terbesar adalah penyakit hemato-onkologi. Hanya terdapat 10% kasus yang tergolong kasus COVID-19 derajat berat. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara orangtua sampel, sumber penularan primer transmisi virus berbeda-beda tiap kelompok umur. Orangtua (71,3%) merupakan sumber penularan primer transmisi virus pada kelompok usia 0-5 tahun, sedangkan sekolah dan komunitas menjadi sumber utama pada kelompok usia >5 -10 tahun dan usia >10-18 tahun, berturut-turut 66% dan 32%.

Kesimpulan: Transmisi COVID-19 pada populasi pediatri memiliki perbedaan sumber penularan primer virus tergantung kelompok usia. Komorbid terbanyak yang ditemui pada kasus COVID-19 terkonfirmasi adalah penyakit hemato-onkologi, yang termasuk kedalam pasien dengan imunokompromais.

Keywords: COVID-19 komorbid pediatri transmisi

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How to Cite

Hartoyo, E., & Linardi, J. I. (2023). Pola transmisi dan komorbid COVID-19 pada anak di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Intisari Sains Medis, 14(2), 563–567. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i2.1714
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Edi Hartoyo
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Jade Irene Linardi
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ISM Journal