Daya hambat ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) terhadap Bakteri Gram Negatif (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) dan Gram Positif (Staphylococcus aureus) penyebab otitis eksterna difusa

Ni Putu Oktaviani Rinika Pranitasari; I Wayan Lolik Lesmana

doi:10.15562/ism.v14i2.1706

Daya hambat ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) terhadap Bakteri Gram Negatif (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) dan Gram Positif (Staphylococcus aureus) penyebab otitis eksterna difusa

Ni Putu Oktaviani Rinika Pranitasari ,

I Wayan Lolik Lesmana ,

pdf |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i2.1706 |
Published: 2023-08-23

Abstract

Background: Diffused otitis externa is an external ear infection in the form of ear pain and swelling of the ear canal with or without ear fluid. The most common bacteria that cause this infection are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Research using natural ingredients to treat infectious diseases has been done a lot. The binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia) is one of the interesting natural ingredients to study because of its potential as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity and active compounds of the ethanol extract of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods: The method of this study was to test the antibacterial activity of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins from binahong leaf extract against ATCC 9027 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and ATCC 25923 (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria as the most common causes of diffuse otitis externa. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography (TLC-Bioautography) immersion method using a clear area on a purple background on the TLC plate. This data was analyzed with SPSS version 23.0 for Windows.

Results: The mean measurement results of the Inhibitory Diameter Zone (IDZ) of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia) concentrations of 80%, 90% and 100% against ATCC 25923 bacteria were 7.80 mm, 8.00 mm and 9.60 mm respectively. In contrast, the mean diameter of inhibition (DDH) of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia) concentrations of 80%, 90% and 100% against ATCC 9027 bacteria was 0.00 mm. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)-Bioautography test MTT method of binahong leaf extract on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) showed clear areas with a purple background in alkaloids and saponins.

Conclusion: The active compounds of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia), which inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, are alkaloids and saponins.

Latar Belakang: Otitis eksterna difusa adalah infeksi telinga luar berupa nyeri telinga dan pembengkakan liang telinga dengan atau tanpa disertai cairan telinga. Bakteri tersering penyebab infeksi ini adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Penelitian menggunakan bahan alam untuk mengatasi penyakit infeksi telah banyak dilakukan. Tanaman binahong (Anredera cordifolia) menjadi salah satu bahan alam yang menarik untuk diteliti karena potensinya sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan senyawa aktif ekstrak etanol daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah pengujian aktivitas antibakteri golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid dan saponin dari ekstrak daun binahong terhadap bakteri ATCC 9027 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) dan ATCC 25923 (Staphylococus aureus) sebagai penyebab tersering otitis eksterna difusa. Aktivitas antibakteri dinilai berdasarkan uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis- Bioautografi (KLT-Bioautografi) metode imersi berupa adanya daerah bening diatas latar belakang ungu pada plat KLT. Data ini dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 23.0 untuk Windows.

Hasil: Hasil pengukuran rerata Diameter Daya Hambat (DDH) ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) konsentrasi 80%, 90% dan 100% terhadap bakteri ATCC 25923 berturut-turut adalah 7,80 mm, 8,00 mm dan 9,60 mm. Sedangkan rerata diameter daya hambat (DDH) ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) konsentrasi 80%, 90% dan 100% terhadap bakteri ATCC 9027 adalah 0,00 mm. Uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT)-Bioautografi metode MTT ekstrak daun binahong pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) menunjukkan adanya daerah bening dengan latar belakang ungu pada senyawa alkaloid dan saponin.

Kesimpulan: Senyawa aktif ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) yang berperan dalam mengahmbat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus adalah senyawa alkaloid dan saponin.

References

Anggraeni R, Hartanto WW, Djelantik B, Ghanie A, Utama DS, Setiawan EP, et al. Otitis media in indonesian urban and rural school children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(10):1010-1015.
Sudrajad H, Mudigdo A, Purwanto B, Setiamika M. Ethanol extract of propolis decreases the Interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression and blood Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in otitis media rat model induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bali Medical Journal. 2020;9(2):504-510.
Schaefer P, Baugh RF. Acute otitis externa: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86(11):1055-1061.
Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Cannon CR, Roland PS, Simon GR, Kumar KA, et al. Clinical practice guideline: acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(1 Suppl):S1-S24.
Palandeng RW. Otitis Eksterna di Poliklinik THT-KLRSU Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou Manado Periode Januari-Desember 2011 [Skripsi] Manado: Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2012.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). Pusat Data dan Informasi Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2011. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2012.
Treviño González JL, Reyes Suárez LL, Hernández de León JE. Malignant otitis externa: An updated review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2021;42(2):102894.
Suryani L, Widuri A, Kurniawan M, Nurpagino B. The sensitivity pattern of ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin in chronic suppurative otitis media. Bali Medical Journal. 2022;11(3):1632-1635.
Wulandari RSP, Asroel HA, Aboet A, Zaluchu F, Eliandy S. Association between Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 with Bone Destruction Degree in Patients with Atticoantral Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at Haji Adam Malik Central General Hospital,Medan, Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal. 2018;7(3):631-635.
Wipperman J. Otitis externa. Prim Care. 2014;41(1):1-9.
Tshikalange TE, Meyer JJ, Hussein AA. Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and the isolation of a bioactive compound from plants used to treat sexually transmitted diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;96(3):515-519.
Darsana IGO, Besung INK, Mahatmi H. Potensi Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli secara In Vitro. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus 2012;1(3):337–351.
Siregar IP. Aktivitas Anti Bakteri Mandi Celup Daun Binahong dalam Membantu Mengurangi Jerawat Punggung. Home Economics Journal. 2020;4(2):56-61.
Davis WW, Stout TR. Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay. I. Factors influencing variability and error. Appl Microbiol. 1971;22(4):659-665.
Ruhal R, Kataria R. Biofilm patterns in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Microbiol Res. 2021;251:126829.
Santiago M, Strobel S. Thin layer chromatography. Methods Enzymol. 2013;533:303-324.
Dwitiyanti D, Harahap Y, Elya B, Bahtiar A. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steen.) Leaf Extract Modulates Fatty Acids and Amino Acids to Lower Blood Glucose in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2021;2021:8869571.
Vincent U, Gizzi G, von Holst C, De Jong J, Michard J. Validation of an analytical method for the determination of spiramycin, virginiamycin and tylosin in feeding-stuffs by thin-layer chromatography and bio-autography. Food Addit Contam. 2007;24(4):351-359.
Li Y, Xu T, Tu Z, Dai W, Xue Y, Tang C, et al. Bioactive antibacterial silica-based nanocomposites hydrogel scaffolds with high angiogenesis for promoting diabetic wound healing and skin repair. Theranostics. 2020;10(11):4929-4943.