Efektifitas penggunaan bubuk biji buah papaya (Carica papaya L) sebagai larvasida jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti
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- DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i1.1703  |
- Published: 2023-04-30
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Search for the other articles from the author in:
Google Scholar | PubMed | ISM Journal
Search for the other articles from the author in:
Google Scholar | PubMed | ISM Journal
Search for the other articles from the author in:
Google Scholar | PubMed | ISM Journal
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus that is spread through the bite of the Aedes aegypti. One way in suppressing the hench population is still using larvicides, such as temephos (abate). Compounds such as the alkaloids carpaine, saponin, tannin, and papain found in papaya seeds have toxic properties against the larvae of the Aedes aegypti. This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of the powder of papaya seeds (Carica papaya) as a natural larvicide of the Aedes aegypti.
Methods: The in vitro study used a randomized post-test-only control group design method that used a mosquito larva of Aedes aegypti given four doses of papaya seed powder: 200 mg/200 ml, 300 mg/200 mL, 500 mg/200 mg, and the control group. All data was analyzed statistically using SPSS. 20.
Results: The percentage of larva mortality in the control group was 0%, the 200mg treatment group was 17%; the 300mg treatment group was 27%; and the 500mg treatments group was 60%. Based on bivariate analysis, there were significant differences between the trial groups (p<0,05), except between the 200 mg and 300 mg groups. The results showed that the larger the dose given, the greater the percentage of death in mosquito larvae.
Conclusion: Papaya seed powder as a natural larvicide effectively kills the Aedes aegypti in vitro. The 500mg group has the highest percentage of larva mortality.
Latar Belakang: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang disebarkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Salah satu cara dalam menekan populasi jentik masih menggunakan larvasida, seperti temephos (abate). Senyawa seperti alkaloid karpaina, saponin, tannin, dan papain yang terdapat pada biji pepaya memiliki sifat toksik terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari bubuk biji buah pepaya (Carica papaya L) sebagai larvasida alami jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
Metode: Penelitian in vitro ini menggunakan metode randomized post-test only control group design yang menggunakan larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang diberikan empat dosis bubuk biji pepaya yaitu 200 mg/200 mL, 300 mg/200 mL, 500 mg/200 mL, dan kelompok kontrol. Seluruh data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS ver. 20.
Hasil: Didapatkan persentase kematian larva pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 0%, kelompok perlakuan 200mg sebesar 17%; kelompok perlakuan 300mg sebesar 27%; dan kelompok perlakuan 500mg sebesar 60%. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok uji (p<0,05), kecuali antara kelompok 200 mg dan 300 mg. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar dosis yang diberikan, maka semakin besar persentase kematian pada larva nyamuk.
Kesimpulan: Bubuk biji buah pepaya sebagai larvasida alami efektif mematikan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti secara in vitro. Kelompok 500mg memiliki persentase kematian larva tertinggi.