Karakteristik audiometri pada pasien dengan otitis media supuratif kronis di Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah periode Januari 2018–Desember 2019

Gede Kurnia Mayura; I Made Wiranadha

doi:10.15562/ism.v14i1.1611

Karakteristik audiometri pada pasien dengan otitis media supuratif kronis di Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah periode Januari 2018–Desember 2019

Gede Kurnia Mayura ,

I Made Wiranadha ,

pdf |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i1.1611 |
Published: 2023-02-15

Abstract

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the causes of ear disorders in various countries, especially developing countries. The prevalence of CSOM in Indonesia is 3.8% or an estimated 6.6 million Indonesian population. The purpose of this study was to determine the audiometric characteristics of CSOM patients at the ENT Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital in the period of 2018-2019.

Methods: This research used a retrospective descriptive study design. Sampling was carried out by total sampling, namely every patient who met the research inclusion criteria was included in the research sample. The number of samples used are all descriptive data collected on a predetermined period scale in the research design where the study obtained 70 research samples.

Results: There were 33 (47.14%) female and 37 (52.86%) male with CSOM. There were 4 people (5.71%) of CSOM aged ≤ 10 years, 10 (14.29%) aged 11-20 years, 8 (11.43%) aged 21-30 years, 9 (12.86%) aged 31-40 years, 19 (27.14%) aged 41-50 years, 11 (15.71%) aged 51-60 years, 5 (7.14%) aged 61-70 years, 4 (5.71%) aged more than 70 years. Furthermore, 42 people (60%) with CSOM had conductive hearing loss (CHL). 12.86% of patients had sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), 13 people with CSOM had mild deafness (22.86%), 13 people had moderate deafness (34.29%), 24 people had moderate-severe deafness (28.57%), 20 people had severe deafness (28.6%), 8 people had very severe deafness (11.46%).

Conclusion: The proportion of CSOM patients in the ENT polyclinic at RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah from 2018 to 2019, there were more males than females and the highest distribution of CSOM was in the age range of 41-50 years. Conductive deafness is the highest type of hearing loss and judging from the degree of deafness, most people with CSOM have moderate to severe deafness.

Latar Belakang: Otitis media supuratif kronis (OMSK) merupakan salah satu penyebab gangguan telinga di berbagai negara, terutama negara berkembang. Prevalensi OMSK di Indonesia adalah 3,8% atau diperkirakan sekitar 6,6 juta penduduk Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik audiometri pada penderita OMSK di Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah periode 2018-2019.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling yaitu setiap penderita yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian dimasukkan dalam sampel penelitian. Jumlah sampel yang dipergunakan adalah semua data deskriptif yang terkumpul pada skala periode yang telah ditentukan pada rancangan penelitian dimana pada penelitian didapatkan 70 sampel penelitian.

Hasil: Penderita OMSK perempuan sebanyak 33 orang (47,14%) dan penderita OMSK laki-laki sebanyak 37 orang (52,86%). Terdapat 4 orang (5,71%) OMSK berusia ≤ 10 tahun, 10 (14,29%) berusia 11-20 tahun, 8 (11,43%) berusia 21-30 tahun, 9 (12,86%) berusia 31-40 tahun, 19 (27,14%) berusia 41-50 tahun, 11 (15,71%) berusia 51-60 tahun, 5 (7,14%) berusia 61-70 tahun, 4 (5,71%) berusia lebih dari 70 tahun. Lebih lanjut, 42 pasien (60%) dengan OMSK mengalami gangguan pendengaran konduktif. 12,86% pasien mengalami gangguan pendengaran sensorineural, OMSK dengan tuli ringan sebanyak 13 orang (22,86%), tuli sedang 13 orang (34,29%), tuli sedang-berat 24 orang (28,57%), tuli berat 20 orang, tuli berat (28,6%), tuli sangat berat 8 orang (11,46%).

Simpulan: Proporsi penderita OMSK di poliklinik THT KL RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah dari tahun 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2019, laki-laki lebih besar dari pada penderita perempuan dan distribusi OMSK tertinggi pada rentang usia 41-50 tahun. Tuli konduktif merupakan tipe gangguan pendengaran yang paling tinggi dan dilihat dari derajat ketuliannya, penderita OMSK sebagian besar memiliki derajat ketulian sedang-berat.

References

Leach AJ, Homøe P, Chidziva C, et al. Otitis media and associated hearing loss among disadvantaged populations and low to middle-income countries. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;130(1):109857.
Teschner M. Evidence and evidence gaps in the treatment of Eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;15:05.
Hoberman A, Preciado D, Paradise JL, et al. Tympanostomy Tubes or Medical Management for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(19):1789-1799.
Harkare V, Dhote K, Shrimal K, Deosthale N, Dhoke P, Khadakkar S. Epidemiological study of factors influencing incidence of chronic suppurative otitis media in paediatric age group of rural population. Pannacca J Med. 2019;7:35-39.
Coleman A, Wood A, Bialasiewicz S, Ware RS, Marsh RL, Cervin A. The unsolved problem of otitis media in indigenous populations: a systematic review of upper respiratory and middle ear microbiology in indigenous children with otitis media. Microbiome. 2018;6(1):199.
Schilder AG, Chonmaitree T, Cripps AW, et al. Otitis media. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2(1):16063.
Mather MW, Powell S, Talks B, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in otitis media. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2021;23:e10.
Raushan EA, Kumar J PS. Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Tubotympanic Type of. Ann Int Med Dent Res. 2018;1(2):16-19.
Chong LY, Head K, Webster KE, et al. Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2(2):CD013053.
Hayati R, Haryuna TSH, Zahara D. Hearing threshold differences between pre and post tympanoplasty in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Bali Med J. 2018;7(1):47-50.