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Mutasi Gen KRAS Ekson 2 Kodon 12 dan 13 Pada Pasien Kanker Kolorektal di RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Tahun 2018-2019



Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer is commonly found to be regulated by the KRAS gene mutation. Studies reporting the occurrence of mutations in the KRAS gene in Indonesia are still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of mutations in the KRAS gene exon 2 codon 12 and codon 13 in colorectal cancer patients at Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah, Denpasar-Bali.

Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional design. The sample used in this study was the Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) sample of colorectal cancer patients in year 2018-2019. KRAS gene mutations were identified using PCR and sequencing method. Univariate analysis was used to display data in proportions or graphics with the Microsoft Excel application.

Results: A total of 50 colorectal cancer samples were examined. The majority of patients were aged ≥50 years (76.0%) and male (62.0%). Based on histopathology, the majority cases were adenocarcinoma (80%) and mostly were left tumor location (64.0%). The results of sequencing showed mutations in the KRAS gene that 6 cases of exon 2 codon 12 mutations (13.63%) and 3 cases of exon 2 codon 13 mutations (6.8%); with features of 5 cases (11.36%) of G12D mutations and 1 case (2.27%) of G12V mutation and all the 3 mutations in the KRAS gene exon 2 codon 13 were G13D (6.81%).

Conclusion: This study concluded that exon 2 KRAS gene mutations in colorectal cancer patients at Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah in 2018-2019 can be identified by the characteristics of the type of mutation, namely G12D followed by G12V and G13D. The types of mutations sequentially from the most frequent are G12D, G12V, and G13D. Further studies are needed to identify the correlation of this mutation with clinicopathology of colorectal cancer.

 

Latar belakang: Kanker kolorektal umumnya ditemukan diregulasi oleh mutasi gen KRAS. Studi yang melaporkan kejadian mutasi pada gen KRAS di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan karakteristik mutasi gen KRAS ekson 2 kodon 12 dan 13 pada pasien kanker kolorektal di RSUP Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah tahun 2018-2019.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel Formalin-Fixed Parrafin-Embedded (FFPE) pasien kanker kolorektal tahun 2018-2019. Penilaian mutasi gen KRAS dengan metode PCR dan sequencing. Analisis univariat digunakan untuk menampilkan data dalam bentuk persentase ataupun grafik dengan aplikasi Microsoft Excel.

Hasil: Total 50 sampel kanker kolorektal diperiksa. Mayoritas pasien berusia ≥50 tahun (76,0%) dan laki-laki (62,0%). Berdasarkan histopatologi mayoritas ditemukan tipe Adenocarcinoma (80%) dan lokasi tumor bagian kiri (64,0%). Hasil pemeriksaan sequencing menunjukkan mutasi gen KRAS diperoleh 6 kasus mutasi ekson 2 kodon 12 (13,63%) dan 3 kasus mutasi ekson 2 kodon 13 (6,8%) dengan karakteristik mutasi yaitu 5 kasus (11,36%) mutasi tipe G12D dan 1 kasus (2,27%) mutasi tipe G12V dan 3 mutasi pada gen KRAS ekson 2 kodon 13 yaitu tipe G13D (6,81%).

Simpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mutasi gen KRAS ekson 2 pada pasien kanker kolorektal di RSUP Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah tahun 2018-2019 dapat diindentifikasi dengan karakteristik jenis mutasi yaitu G12D diikuti G12V dan G13D. Jenis mutasinya secara berurutan dari yang paling sering adalah G12D, G12V, dan G13D. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi mutasi ini dengan klinikopatologi kanker kolorektal.

Keywords: Kanker Kolorektal Kodon 12 Kodon 13 Mutasi Gen KRAS

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How to Cite

Ormand, A. R., Made Winarsa Ruma, Ni Putu Ekawati, I Made Mulyawan, & Dewi, N. N. A. (2023). Mutasi Gen KRAS Ekson 2 Kodon 12 dan 13 Pada Pasien Kanker Kolorektal di RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Tahun 2018-2019. Intisari Sains Medis, 14(1), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i1.1582
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Angelynn Rachelle Ormand
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Made Winarsa Ruma
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Ni Putu Ekawati
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I Made Mulyawan
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Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi
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