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Prevalensi dan faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar



Abstract

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2). However, in the process of developing CHD in T2DM patients, other risk factors that contribute multifactorial are needed. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CHD events in T2DM patients as well as to determine the relationship between risk factors and CHD events in T2DM patients.

Methods: This study is an analytic cross-sectional study conducted at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital. The population target was all T2DM patients in the period January 2021-December 2021, in which 80 patient samples were obtained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were taken through secondary data on patient medical records. Data processing was carried out using the SPSS ver. 28.0.1.1.

Results: The prevalence of CHD in T2DM patients was 25 people (31.3%). The risk factors for CHD in T2DM patients are hyperglycemia (HbA1c ≥6.5%) (p=0.036, 95% CI=1.166-85.788, aOR=10.567), blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg p=0.008, 95%CI=11.541-17.017, aOR=5.121), and obesity (p=0.014, 95%CI=1.364-16.420, aOR=4.732) while male sex (p=0.428), age ≥50 years (p=0.543), smoking (p=0.937), family history of cardiovascular disease (p=0.663), LDL ≥160 mg/dL (p=0.946), triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL (p=0.192, 95%CI=0.680-6.847, aOR=2.158), HDL <40 mg/dL (p=0.487), and total cholesterol level ≥240 mg/dL (p=0.866) are not significantly associated with CHD events in patients DMT2.

Conclusion: The prevalence of CHD in T2DM patients is 31.1% at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital in 2021. Risk factors such as hyperglycemia, blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg, and obesity are significantly associated with the incidence of CHD in T2DM patients.

 

Latar belakang: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan salah satu komplikasi diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Namun, dalam proses perkembangan PJK pada pasien DMT2, diperlukan faktor risiko lainnya yang berkontribusi secara multifactorial. Secara teoritis, jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia, riwayat merokok, riwayat penyakit kardiovaskuler keluarga, hiperglisemia, dislipidemia, tekanan darah ≥140/90mmHg, dan obesitas merupakan faktor risiko PJK pada DMT2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi kejadian PJK pada pasien DMT2 sekaligus untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko dengan kejadian PJK pada pasien DMT2.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional analitik yang dilakukan pada RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah dengan target penelitian adalah seluruh pasien DMT2 pada periode Januari 2021-Desember 2021. Pada penelitian ini, 80 sampel pasien yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi diambil melalui data sekunder rekam medis pasien. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS ver. 28.0.1.1.

Hasil: Prevalensi PJK pada pasien DMT2 adalah sebanyak 25 orang (31.3%). Adapun faktor risiko PJK pada pasien DMT2 adalah Hiperglisemia (HbA1c ≥6.5%) (p=0.036, 95%CI=1.166-85,788, aOR=10.567), tekanan darah ≥140/90 mmHg p=0.008, 95%CI=11.541-17.017, aOR=5.121), dan obesitas (p=0.014, 95%CI=1.364-16.420, aOR=4.732) sedangkan jenis kelamin laki-laki (p=0.428), usia ≥50 tahun (p=0.543), riwayat merokok (p=0.937), riwayat penyakit kardiovaskuler keluarga (p=0.663), kadar LDL ≥160 mg/dL (p=0.946), kadar trigliserida ≥200 mg/dL(p=0.192, CI=0.680-6.847, aOR=2.158), kadar HDL <40 mg/dL (p=0.487), kadar total kolesterol ≥240 mg/dL (p=0.866) tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian PJK pada pasien DMT2.

Simpulan: Prevalensi PJK pada pasien DMT2 sebesar 31.1%. Faktor risiko berupa hiperglisemia, tekanan darah ≥140/90 mmHg, dan obesitas berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian PJK pada pasien DMT2.

Keywords: Prevalensi Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 penyakit jantung koroner

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How to Cite

Elkurnia, R. T., Cokorde Istri Yuliandari Krisnawardani K, Luh Oliva Saraswati Suastika, & Cyndiana Widia Dewi Sinardja. (2023). Prevalensi dan faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar. Intisari Sains Medis, 14(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i1.1573
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Richard Timothy Elkurnia
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Cokorde Istri Yuliandari Krisnawardani K
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Luh Oliva Saraswati Suastika
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Cyndiana Widia Dewi Sinardja
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