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Karakteristik pasien hamil dengan penyakit jantung yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Kariadi tahun 2020-2021



Abstract

Background: During pregnancy there’s an increase of fluid which may cause problems in the cardiovascular system that were previously undiagnosed. Approximately 1–4% of pregnancies globally cause complications of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine the characteristics of pregnant patients with heart disease who were inpatients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital in the year 2020-2021.

Methods: This study used a descriptive research design conducted at Dr. Kariadi Hospital with secondary data through medical records for the year period of 1 January 2020 – 31 December  2021. A sample of 157 was all cases of pregnancy with heart disease treated in the obstetrics room or intensive care unit (ICU).

Result: Heart disease most suffered by pregnant patients was hypertensive heart disease as many as 90 cases (57.65%), peripartum cardiomyopathy 18 cases (11.54%). From echocardiography, 17 cases (16.34%) had decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and 14 cases (11.02%) had decreased right ventricular systolic function. 25 cases (19.54%) had impaired cardiac muscle kinesity and 57 cases (50.43%) had diastolic dysfunction. Most valve disorders occurred in the mitral, those were 22 cases (17.33%). Only 5 cases (3.2%) of these patients had COVID-19. Based on vital signs and laboratory examinations, data were obtained for 35 cases (22.29%) patients had a pulse of more than 100x/minute upon arrival at Dr. Kariadi Hospital only 2 cases (1.27%) had a pulse below 60x/minute. On saturation examination, 13 cases (8.26%) patients experienced desaturation.

Conclusion: Hypertensive heart disease has the highest prevalence. Premature birth and the incidence of low birth weight is the highest incidence in pregnant patients with heart disease.

 

Latar belakang: Selama kehamilan terjadi peningkatan cairan yang dapat menyebabkan masalah pada sistem kardiovaskular yang sebelumnya tidak terdiagnosis. Sekitar 1-4% kehamilan secara global menyebabkan komplikasi penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien hamil dengan penyakit jantung yang dirawat inap di RSUP Dr. Kariadi periode tahun 2020-2021.

Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Kariadi dengan data sekunder melalui rekam medis periode 1 Januari 2020 - 31 Desember 2021. Sampel sebanyak 157 adalah semua kasus kehamilan dengan penyakit jantung yang dirawat di ruang obstetri maupun intensive care unit (ICU).

Hasil: Penyakit jantung yang paling banyak diderita oleh pasien hamil adalah penyakit jantung hipertensi sebanyak 90 kasus (57,65%), kardiomiopati peripartum 18 kasus (11,54%). Dari ekokardiografi, 17 kasus (16,34%) mengalami penurunan fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri dan 14 kasus (11,02%) mengalami penurunan fungsi sistolik ventrikel kanan. 25 kasus (19,54%) mengalami gangguan kinesitas otot jantung dan 57 kasus (50,43%) mengalami disfungsi diastolik. Kelainan katup paling banyak terjadi pada mitral yaitu 22 kasus (17,33%). Hanya 5 kasus (3,2%) dari pasien ini yang memiliki COVID-19. Berdasarkan tanda vital dan pemeriksaan laboratorium didapatkan data sebesar 35 kasus (22,29%) pasien memiliki denyut nadi lebih dari 100x/menit saat tiba di RSUP Dr. Kariadi, hanya 2 kasus (1,27%) yang memiliki denyut nadi dibawah 60x/menit. Pada pemeriksaan saturasi sebesar 13 kasus (8,26%) pasien mengalami desaturasi.

Simpulan: Penyakit jantung hipertensi memiliki prevalensi tertinggi. Kelahiran prematur dan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah merupakan kejadian tertinggi pada pasien hamil dengan penyakit jantung.

Keywords: kehamilan penyakit jantung obstetri

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How to Cite

Trisnawan, M. H., Mochtar, A. Y. A. B. ., & Dewantiningrum, J. . (2023). Karakteristik pasien hamil dengan penyakit jantung yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. Kariadi tahun 2020-2021. Intisari Sains Medis, 14(1), 358–365. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i1.1565
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Made Helthayana Trisnawan
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Aruman Yudanto Aribowo Binarso Mochtar
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Julian Dewantiningrum
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