Association between educational level and hypertension with decrease of cognitive function among elderly at Puskesmas Mengwi I

Vijay Ramachandran; Putu Aryani

doi:10.15562/ism.v9i1.154

Association between educational level and hypertension with decrease of cognitive function among elderly at Puskesmas Mengwi I

Vijay Ramachandran ,

Putu Aryani ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v9i1.154 |
Published: 2018-02-21

Abstract

Background: One of most emerging disease in elderly is the decreasing of cognitive function. Some factors that could affect cognitive function are sociodemographic factors such as genetics, age, gender, educational level, occupation also some diseases like a cerebrovascular disease, metabolic disease, brain tumor, and head trauma.

Methods: The purpose of this research was to understand the association between educational level and hypertension with a decrease of cognitive function in elderly. This research was analytic cross-sectional study. The number of samples that obtained was 41 elderly who met the inclusion criteria. The sample data obtained by filling an MMSE questionnaire to aces cognitive function.

Results: In general, 16 from 41 sample (39%) has a decrease in cognitive function. Bivariate analytic with chi-square method showed that thereâ€™s a significant relationship between educational level and a decrease of cognitive function (p= 0.001) while also showed that thereâ€™s no significant relationship between hypertension and decrease of cognitive function.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was a significant relationship between educational level and a decrease of cognitive function in elderly but no significant relationship between hypertension and decrease of cognitive function in elderly. The results of this study were expected to be used as a basis for further research in the future.

References

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Lestari W., Ngestiningsih D. Hubungan Antara Status Kognitif dengan Status Fungsional Lanjut Usia Panti Wredha di Semarang. Semarang; Universitas Diponegoro. 2013.
Nugroho W. Keperawatan Gerontik dan Geriatrik. Jakarta; EGC. 2006.
Nevriana A., Riono P., Rihardjo T., Kusumadjati A. Lifetime Musical Activities and Cognitive Function of the Elderly. Jakarta; Universitas Indonesia. 2012.
Ramadian D., Maja J., Runtuwene T. Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lansia Di Tiga Yayasan Manula di Kecamatan Kawangkoan. Manado; Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2012.
Setiawan D., Bidjuni H., Karundeng M. Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Dengan Kejadian Demensia Pada Lansia Di Balai Penyantunan Lanjut Usia Senja Cerah Paniki Kecamatan Mapanget Manado. Manado; Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2014.
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Stanley M., Beare P. Buku Ajar Keperawatan Gerontik. Edisi ke-2. Diterjemahkan oleh: Nety Juniarti & Sari Kurnianingsih. Jakarta: EGC. 2007.
Larasati T. Prevalensi Demensia di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Jambi; Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jambi. 2013.
Ramadian D., Maja J., Runtuwene T. Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lansia Di Tiga Yayasan Manula di Kecamatan Kawangkoan. Manado; Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2012.
Sundariyati H., Ratep N., Westa W. Gambaran Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Status Kognitif Pada Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kubu II, Januari-Februari 2014. Denpasar; Universitas Udayana. 2014.
Igase M., Kohara K., Miki T. The Association Between Hypertension and Dementia in The Elderly. Int J Hypertens. 2012; p1â€“6.
Lachman M., Agrigoroaei S., Murphy C., Tun P. Frequent Cognitive Activity Compensates for Education Differences in Episodic Memory. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010. 18(1): 4-10.
Wu M., Lan T., Chen C., Chiu H., Lan T. Socip-demographic and health-related factors associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly in Taiwan. BMC Public Health. 2011. 11(22): 1-8.
Bosma H., van Boxtel M. P. J, Pomds R.W. H, Houx P. J. H, Jolles J. Education and Age- Related Cognitive Decline the Contribution of Mental Workload. Educational Gerontology. 2003. 29: p165-173.
Lee S., Kawachi I., Berkman L. F., Grodstein F. Education, Other Socioeconomic Indicators, and Cognitive Function. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003. 157:712-720.
Dash P., Villemarette-Pittman N. Alzheimerâ€™s Disease. New York: American Academy of Neurology. (2005).
Reitz C., Tang M., Manly J., Mayeux R., Luschinger J. Hypertension and the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Arch Neurol. 2007. 64(12): 1734-1740.

[1] Noveria M. Challenges of Population Ageing in Indonesia. Conference on Impact of Ageing: A Common Challenge for Europe and Asia. Research Center for Population-Indonesian Institute of Science. 2006; p7-9.

[2] Lestari W., Ngestiningsih D. Hubungan Antara Status Kognitif dengan Status Fungsional Lanjut Usia Panti Wredha di Semarang. Semarang; Universitas Diponegoro. 2013.

[3] Nugroho W. Keperawatan Gerontik dan Geriatrik. Jakarta; EGC. 2006.

[4] Nevriana A., Riono P., Rihardjo T., Kusumadjati A. Lifetime Musical Activities and Cognitive Function of the Elderly. Jakarta; Universitas Indonesia. 2012.

[5] Ramadian D., Maja J., Runtuwene T. Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lansia Di Tiga Yayasan Manula di Kecamatan Kawangkoan. Manado; Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2012.

[6] Setiawan D., Bidjuni H., Karundeng M. Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Dengan Kejadian Demensia Pada Lansia Di Balai Penyantunan Lanjut Usia Senja Cerah Paniki Kecamatan Mapanget Manado. Manado; Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2014.

[7] Chertkow H., Feldman H., Jacova C., Massoud F. Definition of Dementia and Predementia States in Alzheimerâ€™s Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Consensus from The Canadian Conference on Diagnosis of Dementia. BioMed Central. 2013; 5(1): S2.

[8] Stanley M., Beare P. Buku Ajar Keperawatan Gerontik. Edisi ke-2. Diterjemahkan oleh: Nety Juniarti & Sari Kurnianingsih. Jakarta: EGC. 2007.

[9] Larasati T. Prevalensi Demensia di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Jambi; Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jambi. 2013.

[10] Ramadian D., Maja J., Runtuwene T. Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lansia Di Tiga Yayasan Manula di Kecamatan Kawangkoan. Manado; Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2012.

[11] Sundariyati H., Ratep N., Westa W. Gambaran Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Status Kognitif Pada Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kubu II, Januari-Februari 2014. Denpasar; Universitas Udayana. 2014.

[12] Igase M., Kohara K., Miki T. The Association Between Hypertension and Dementia in The Elderly. Int J Hypertens. 2012; p1â€“6.

[13] Lachman M., Agrigoroaei S., Murphy C., Tun P. Frequent Cognitive Activity Compensates for Education Differences in Episodic Memory. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010. 18(1): 4-10.

[14] Wu M., Lan T., Chen C., Chiu H., Lan T. Socip-demographic and health-related factors associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly in Taiwan. BMC Public Health. 2011. 11(22): 1-8.

[15] Bosma H., van Boxtel M. P. J, Pomds R.W. H, Houx P. J. H, Jolles J. Education and Age- Related Cognitive Decline the Contribution of Mental Workload. Educational Gerontology. 2003. 29: p165-173.

[16] Lee S., Kawachi I., Berkman L. F., Grodstein F. Education, Other Socioeconomic Indicators, and Cognitive Function. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2003. 157:712-720.

[17] Dash P., Villemarette-Pittman N. Alzheimerâ€™s Disease. New York: American Academy of Neurology. (2005).

[18] Reitz C., Tang M., Manly J., Mayeux R., Luschinger J. Hypertension and the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Arch Neurol. 2007. 64(12): 1734-1740.

Association between educational level and hypertension with decrease of cognitive function among elderly at Puskesmas Mengwi I

Abstract

References

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