Pengaruh ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) pada ginjal tikus model menopause

I Gde Astha Pramana Suta; I Wayan Sugiritama; I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana

doi:10.15562/ism.v13i3.1514

Pengaruh ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) pada ginjal tikus model menopause

I Gde Astha Pramana Suta ,

I Wayan Sugiritama ,

I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i3.1514 |
Published: 2022-12-30

Abstract

Background: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an organic compound as a marker of oxidative stress. Increased levels of MDA in the kidneys will cause various disorders of the kidneys, such as chronic kidney disease and hypertension in menopausal conditions. One of the anthocyanin-rich food ingredients is the peel of red dragon fruit (H. polyrhizus) which can be a source of phytoestrogens in improving kidney MDA levels in menopausal women. This study aims to determine the effect of giving red dragon fruit peel ethanol extract (H. polyrhizus) on MDA levels in menopausal rat kidney models.

Methods: This study was an experimental study with a randomized post-test only control group design with a sample of 29 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into three groups with each group consisting of 9 female Wistar rats on control group (P0), the ethanol extract group of red dragon fruit skin with a dose of 60 mg/200 grBB (10 rats) (P1) and 90 mg/200 grBB (10 rats) (P2).

Results: The results showed that there was an effect of 60 mg/200 grBB and 90 mg/200 grBB of red dragon fruit peel ethanol extract from H. polyrhizus having lower MDA levels than the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Administration of dragon fruit peel ethanol extract was able to act as an antioxidant that can cause a decrease in kidney MDA levels in menopausal rats. The test group that was not given ethanol extract of dragon fruit peel had a higher mean MDA level when compared to the test group.

Latar Belakang: Malondialdehyde (MDA) merupakan senyawa organik sebagai penanda stres oksidatif. Peningkatan kadar MDA di ginjal akan menimbulkan berbagai gangguan pada ginjal, seperti penyakit ginjal kronik dan hipertensi pada kondisi menopause. Salah satu bahan makanan kaya antosianin adalah kulit buah naga merah (H. polyrhizus) yang dapat menjadi sumber fitoestrogen yang mampu berperan dalam perbaikan kadar MDA ginjal pada wanita menopause. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga merah (H. polyrhizus) terhadap kadar MDA pada ginjal tikus model menopause.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian randomized post-test only control group design dengan sampel sebanyak 29 ekor tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar betina dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok dengan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 9 ekor tikus Wistar betina kelompok kontrol (P0), kelompok ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga merah dosis 60 mg/200 grBB (10 tikus) (P1) dan 90 mg/200 grBB (10 tikus) (P2).

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga merah (H. polyrhizus) dosis 60 mg/200 grBB dan 90 mg/200 grBB memiliki kadar MDA yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p < 0.05).

Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga mampu berperan sebagai antioksidan yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kadar MDA ginjal pada tikus model menopause. Pada kelompok uji yang tidak diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit buah naga memiliki rerata kadar MDA yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok uji.

References

Aminzadeh MA, Nicholas SB, Norris KC, Vaziri ND. Role of impaired Nrf2 activation in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28(8):2038-2045.
Doshi SB, Agarwal A. The role of oxidative stress in menopause. J Midlife Health. 2013;4(3):140-146.
El-Gendy AA, Elsaed WM, Abdallah HI. Potential role of estradiol in ovariectomy-induced derangement of renal endocrine functions. Ren Fail. 2019;41(1):507-520.
Graceli JB, Cicilini MA, Bissoli NS, Abreu GR, Moysés MR. Roles of estrogen and progesterone in modulating renal nerve function in the rat kidney. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2013;46(6):521-527.
Rojas-Vega L, Reyes-Castro LA, Ramírez V, et al. Ovarian hormones and prolactin increase renal NaCl cotransporter phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2015;308(8):F799-F808.
Yeh WJ, Tsai CC, Ko J, Yang HY. Hylocereus polyrhizus Peel Extract Retards Alcoholic Liver Disease Progression by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3884.
Hendra R, Khodijah R, Putri R, et al. Cytotoxicity and Antiplasmodial Properties of Different Hylocereus polyrhizus Peel Extracts. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2021;27:e931118.
Ravichandran G, Lakshmanan DK, Murugesan S, Elangovan A, Rajasekaran NS, Thilagar S. Attenuation of protein glycation by functional polyphenolics of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus); an in vitro and in silico evaluation. Food Res Int. 2021;140:110081.
Urbieta-Caceres VH, Syed FA, Lin J, et al. Age-dependent renal cortical microvascular loss in female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012;302(8):E979-E986.
Carneiro SS, Carminati RZ, Freitas FP, et al. Endogenous female sex hormones delay the development of renal dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lipids Health Dis. 2014;13:176.
Maric C, Sandberg K, Hinojosa-Laborde C. Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are attenuated with 17beta-estradiol in the aging Dahl salt sensitive rat. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(6):1546-1556.
Liu X, Guo CY, Ma XJ, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of tanshinone IIA on atherosclerostic vessels of ovariectomized ApoE mice are mediated by estrogen receptor activation and through the ERK signaling pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;35(5):1744-1755.
Wang N, Zhang X, Ma Z, et al. Combination of tanshinone IIA and astragaloside IV attenuate atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in ApoE(-/-) mice by activating PI3K/AKT signaling and suppressing TRL4/NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;123:109729.
Puspita E, Siregar M, Adenin I. Correlation of estradiol serum levels with classification of osteoporosis risk OSTA (Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tools for Asian) in menopause women. Bali Medical Journal. 2017;6(1):52-55.
Herawati S, Kandarini Y, Prabawa IPY. The Correlation between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Predialysis-chronic Kidney Disease Adult Patients at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9(B):470-4.

[1] Aminzadeh MA, Nicholas SB, Norris KC, Vaziri ND. Role of impaired Nrf2 activation in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28(8):2038-2045.

[2] Doshi SB, Agarwal A. The role of oxidative stress in menopause. J Midlife Health. 2013;4(3):140-146.

[3] El-Gendy AA, Elsaed WM, Abdallah HI. Potential role of estradiol in ovariectomy-induced derangement of renal endocrine functions. Ren Fail. 2019;41(1):507-520.

[4] Graceli JB, Cicilini MA, Bissoli NS, Abreu GR, Moysés MR. Roles of estrogen and progesterone in modulating renal nerve function in the rat kidney. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2013;46(6):521-527.

[5] Rojas-Vega L, Reyes-Castro LA, Ramírez V, et al. Ovarian hormones and prolactin increase renal NaCl cotransporter phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2015;308(8):F799-F808.

[6] Yeh WJ, Tsai CC, Ko J, Yang HY. Hylocereus polyrhizus Peel Extract Retards Alcoholic Liver Disease Progression by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3884.

[7] Hendra R, Khodijah R, Putri R, et al. Cytotoxicity and Antiplasmodial Properties of Different Hylocereus polyrhizus Peel Extracts. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2021;27:e931118.

[8] Ravichandran G, Lakshmanan DK, Murugesan S, Elangovan A, Rajasekaran NS, Thilagar S. Attenuation of protein glycation by functional polyphenolics of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus); an in vitro and in silico evaluation. Food Res Int. 2021;140:110081.

[9] Urbieta-Caceres VH, Syed FA, Lin J, et al. Age-dependent renal cortical microvascular loss in female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012;302(8):E979-E986.

[10] Carneiro SS, Carminati RZ, Freitas FP, et al. Endogenous female sex hormones delay the development of renal dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lipids Health Dis. 2014;13:176.

[11] Maric C, Sandberg K, Hinojosa-Laborde C. Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are attenuated with 17beta-estradiol in the aging Dahl salt sensitive rat. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(6):1546-1556.

[12] Liu X, Guo CY, Ma XJ, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of tanshinone IIA on atherosclerostic vessels of ovariectomized ApoE mice are mediated by estrogen receptor activation and through the ERK signaling pathway. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;35(5):1744-1755.

[13] Wang N, Zhang X, Ma Z, et al. Combination of tanshinone IIA and astragaloside IV attenuate atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in ApoE(-/-) mice by activating PI3K/AKT signaling and suppressing TRL4/NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;123:109729.

[14] Puspita E, Siregar M, Adenin I. Correlation of estradiol serum levels with classification of osteoporosis risk OSTA (Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tools for Asian) in menopause women. Bali Medical Journal. 2017;6(1):52-55.

[15] Herawati S, Kandarini Y, Prabawa IPY. The Correlation between Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Predialysis-chronic Kidney Disease Adult Patients at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9(B):470-4.

Pengaruh ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) pada ginjal tikus model menopause

Abstract

References

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