Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer

The microvascular reconstruction in children with maxillofacial defects: A Systematic Review

  • Violetti Valentin ,
  • Ratna Rayeni Natasha Roosseno ,


Abstract

Background: Facial bones trauma in the pediatric population is linked to severe damage and impairment, particularly in maxillofacial, particularly in area. In addition, reconstruction of maxillofacial in pediatric patients has some unique considerations. Therefore, this study described the effectiveness of microvascular reconstruction in children with maxillofacial defects.

Methods: The relevant literature from PubMed and Science Direct databases. The strategic search is using the keywords such as "Pediatric" OR "Children" OR "Under-eighteen years" AND "microvascular reconstruction" OR "microvascular surgery" AND "maxillofacial defect". We used a PRISMA method to the selection of those articles. The inclusion criteria were related to microvascular reconstruction in children with maxillofacial defects from 2000-2021.

Result: Total of six studies entries with inclusion criteria. These studies show that most free flaps or microvascular reconstruction procedures carried on pediatric patients to resolve maxillofacial defects gave successful functional, and clinical outcomes. In addition, a few complications, mainly infections, occurred following the surgery, however successfully managed with antibiotics.

Conclusion: A microvascular reconstruction is a good option for maxillofacial defects reconstruction in pediatric patients due to a shorter surgical time and faster recovery. 

Keywords: Children microvascular reconstruction maxillofacial defect outcome

References

  1. Castellon L, Gallego A, Mayorga J, Fuenzalida C, Jerez D. Microvascular reconstruction of maxilofacial defects in pediatric patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg [Internet]. 2018;48:135. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.418
  2. Comini L V., Mannelli G, Tamburini A, Innocenti M, Spinelli G. Pediatric
  3. Malignant Mandibular Tumors: Personal Experience and Literature Options Discussion. Orl. 2021;83(4):263–71.
  4. Genden EM, Buchbinder D, Chaplin JM, Lueg E, Funk GF, Urken ML. Reconstruction of the pediatric maxilla and mandible. Arch Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2000;126(3):293–300.
  5. Warren SM, Borud LJ, Brecht LE, Longaker MT, Siebert JW. Microvascular reconstruction of the pediatric mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119(2):649–61.
  6. Cleveland EC, Zampell J, Avraham T, Lee ZH, Hirsch D, Levine JP. Reconstruction of congenital mandibular hypoplasia with microvascular free fibula flaps in the pediatric population: A paradigm shift. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(1):79–83.
  7. Yang R, Lubek J, Salama A, Caccamese JF. Free flaps for pediatric facial reconstruction: the Maryland experience. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(10):1044.
  8. Zimmermann CE, Troulis MJ, Kaban LB. Pediatric facial fractures: recent
  9. advances in prevention, diagnosis and management. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Jan;35(1):2–13.
  10. Mukherjee CG, Mukherjee U. Maxillofacial trauma in children. Vol. 5, International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2012. p. 231–6.
  11. Haug RH, Foss J. Maxillofacial injuries in the pediatric patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000 Aug;90(2):126 –34.
  12. Ferreira PC, Amarante JM, Silva PN, Rodrigues JM, Choupina MP, Silva
  13. AC, et al. Retrospective study of 1251 maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 May;115(6):1500–8.
  14. Zerfowski M, Bremerich A. Facial trauma in children and adolescents. Clin Oral Investig [Internet]. 1998;2(3):120–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s007840050056
  15. Khouri RK, Shaw WW. Reconstruction of the lower extremity with microvascular free flaps: A 10-year experience with 304 consecutive cases. J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care. 1989;
  16. Gusenoff JA, Vega SJ, Jiang S, Behnam AB, Sbitany H, Herrera HR, et al. Free tissue transfer: Comparison of outcomes between university hospitals and community hospitals. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;
  17. Almadori G, Rigante M, Bussu F, Parrilla C, Gallus R, Adesi LB, et al. Impact of microvascular free flap reconstruction in oral cavity cancer: Our experience in 130 cases. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;
  18. Tarsitano A, Ciocca L, Cipriani R, Scotti R, Marchetti C. Mandibular reconstruction using fibula free flap harvested using a customised cutting guide: how we do it. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2015;
  19. Fogarty BJ, Khan K, Ashall G, Leonard AG. Complications of long operations: A prospective study of morbidity associated with prolonged operative time (> 6 h). Br J Plast Surg. 1999;52(1):33–6.
  20. Procter LD, Davenport DL, Bernard AC, Zwischenberger JB. General Surgical Operative Duration Is Associated with Increased Risk-Adjusted Infectious Complication Rates and Length of Hospital Stay. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;
  21. Brady JS, Desai S V, Crippen MM, Eloy JA, Gubenko Y, Baredes S, et al. Association of Anesthesia Duration With Complications After Microvascular Reconstruction of the Head and Neck. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2018 May;20(3):188–95.
  22. Mücke T, Ritschl LM, Roth M, Güll FD, Rau A, Grill S, et al. Predictors of free flap loss in the head and neck region: A four-year retrospective study with 451 microvascular transplants at a single centre. J cranio-maxillo-facial Surg Off Publ Eur Assoc Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg. 2016
  23. Sep;44(9):1292–8.
  24. Wähmann M, Wähmann M, Henn D, Xiong L, Hirche C, Harhaus L, et al. Geriatric Patients with Free Flap Reconstruction: A Comparative Clinical Analysis of 256 Cases. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2020 Feb;36(2):127–35.
  25. Lin JA-J, Loh CYY, Tsai C-H, Chang K-P, Wu JC-H, Kao H-K. Free Flap Outcomes of Microvascular Reconstruction after Repeated Segmental Mandibulectomy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Sci Rep. 2019 May;9(1):7951.
  26. Hardy KL, Davis KE, Constantine RS, Chen M, Hein R, Jewell JL, et al. The impact of operative time on complications after plastic surgery: a multivariate regression analysis of 1753 cases. Aesthetic Surg J. 2014 May;34(4):614–22.
  27. Nahabedian MY, Singh N, Deune EG, Silverman R, Tufaro AP. Recipient vessel analysis for microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck. Ann Plast Surg. 2004 Feb;52(2):147–8.
  28. Herle P, Shukla L, Morrison WA, Shayan R. Preoperative radiation and free
  29. flap outcomes for head and neck reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg. 2015 Mar;85(3):121–7.
  30. Benatar MJ, Dassonville O, Chamorey E, Poissonnet G, Ettaiche M, Pierre CS, et al. Impact of preoperative radiotherapy on head and neck free flap reconstruction: a report on 429 cases. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013 Apr;66(4):478–82.
  31. Cheng SW, Wu LL, Ting AC, Lau H, Lam LK, Wei WI. Irradiation-induced extracranial carotid stenosis in patients with head and neck malignancies. Am J Surg. 1999 Oct;178(4):323–8.
  32. Yoshimoto S, Kawabata K, Mitani H. Factors involved in free flap thrombosis after reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2010 Apr;37(2):212–6.

How to Cite

Valentin, V., & Roosseno, R. R. N. (2022). The microvascular reconstruction in children with maxillofacial defects: A Systematic Review. Intisari Sains Medis, 13(1), 96–101. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i1.1271
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

HTML
94

Total
54

Share

Search Panel

Violetti Valentin
Google Scholar
Pubmed
ISM Journal

Ratna Rayeni Natasha Roosseno
Google Scholar
Pubmed
ISM Journal