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Karakteristik pasien diabetic retinopathy di Poliklinik Mata RSUP Sanglah periode Januari – Desember 2020

  • Angelina S Tallo ,
  • Ari Andayani ,
  • Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba ,


Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is known as microvascular disease. DR is a common complication in type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients which can be a major cause of vision loss in the working age population. Several studies have reported several risk factors for DR hyperglycemia, duration of DM, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to find out the description of DR patients who came to Sanglah Hospital in 2020 to increase awareness of risk factors related to DR.

Method: This research is a descriptive study with an analytical cross sectional approach. Data were collected retrospectively by recording the characteristics of DR patients who came for treatment at the Eye Polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2020 based on medical records.

Result: The research subjects were 80 patients with DR. Male patients dominate as much as 62.5%. Most of the participants were in the age group 50 – 59 years (37.50%). All patients who came for treatment at the Eye polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar were type II DM patients with uncontrolled HbA1c levels (53.75%). Patients were dominated by PDR cases (73.75%), DME (53.75%) and blindness (63.75%).

Conclusion: The results of data analysis showed that fair control and poor control HbA1c levels had an effect on the severity of the DR type and were statistically significant. Statistically significant decrease in visual acuity occurred based on the severity of type DR. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm other risk factors.

 

Pendahuluan: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) dikenal sebagai penyakit mikrovaskuler. DR merupakan komplikasi yang umum terjadi pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe 1 dan tipe 2 yang dapat menjadi penyebab utama kehilangan penglihatan pada populasi usia kerja. Beberapa studi telah melaporkan beberapa faktor risiko terjadinya DR adalah hiperglikemia, durasi DM, hipertensi, obesitas, dislipidemia, dan diabetik nefropati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pasien DR yang berobat di RSUP Sanglah pada tahun 2020 untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan faktor risiko terkait DR.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) analitik. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dilakukan dengan cara mencatat karakteristik pasien DR yang datang berobat di Poliklinik Mata RSUP Sanglah Denpasar pada tahun 2020 berdasarkan rekam medis.

Hasil: Subjek penelitian berjumlah 80 pasien dengan DR. Dari 80 pasien DR tersebut, pasien laki-laki mendominasi sebanyak 62,5%. Sebagian besar partisipan berada pada kelompok usia 50 – 59 tahun (37,50%). Seluruh pasien yang datang berobat di poliklinik Mata RSUP Sanglah Denpasar adalah pasien DM tipe II dengan kadar HbA1c yang tidak terkontrol (53,75%). Pasien didominasi oleh kasus PDR (73,75%), DME (53,75%) dan mengalami kebutaan (63,75%).

Simpulan: Hasil analisis data menunjukkan kadar HbA1c fair control dan poor control berpengaruh pada keparahan dari tipe DR dan signifikan secara statistik. Penurunan visus yang signifikan secara statistik terjadi berdasarkan keparahan tipe DR. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dibutuhkan untuk mengkonfirmasi faktor-faktor risiko lainnya.

Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetes Mellitus HbA1c

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How to Cite

Tallo, A. S., Andayani, A., & Manuaba, I. B. P. (2022). Karakteristik pasien diabetic retinopathy di Poliklinik Mata RSUP Sanglah periode Januari – Desember 2020. Intisari Sains Medis, 13(2), 583–590. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i2.1206
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Angelina S Tallo
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ISM Journal

Ari Andayani
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Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba
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