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Hubungan ASI eksklusif dengan angka kejadian diare pada anak usia 6 – 24 bulan di RSUD Wangaya



Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is a gastrointestinal tract disease with the highest incidence rate and the most common cause of death in children under five years old. Based on Riskesdas 2013, the prevalence of diarrhoea in Indonesia is between 1 – 4 years old. Diarrhea is particularly common in developing countries due to inadequate sanitation and hygiene, including a lack of safe, clean water for drinking and a lack of concern for nutrition and overall health. The risk of diarrhoea in children is also influenced by the pattern of breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding in infants is known to protect the babies against diarrhea.

Methods: This is an observational study where the data was collected from inpatient medical records between January – December 2019. This study was conducted analytically using a retrospective cross-sectional design. For sampling, a systematic random sampling technique was used. In this study, univariate analysis was used to get the distribution and the proportion of each variable. The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea was analyzed using chi-square. Statistical analysis was performed in a 95% coefficient interval (alpha = 0.05).

Results: Fifty-six patients were enrolled after meeting the inclusion criteria; 58.3% are male. The number of children who had diarrhea was 36 (64.3%), from that number 38.9% are aged 6 to 12 months, and 61.1% are aged 13 to 24 months. Children who have received exclusive breastfeeding were 22 children (39.3%).  There is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding to the incidence rate of diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months (p= 0.003). To determine the relative risk estimation using prevalence ratio (RP), with the study calculation obtained 0.51 (< 1).

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months. The prevalence ratio results in 0.51 it tells that exclusive breastfeeding is a protective factor against diarrhea.

 

 

Latar Belakang: Diare adalah salah satu penyakit sistem pencernaan yang memiliki angka kejadian tertinggi dan paling sering menyebabkan kematian pada anak berusia dibawah lima tahun. Faktor risiko diare pada anak juga dipengaruhi oleh pola pemberian ASI eksklusif. ASI eksklusif diketahui memiliki efek perlindungan pada bayi terhadap diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan angka kejadian diare pada anak usia 6 – 24 bulan.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang mengambil data dari rekam medis pasien anak berusia 6 – 24 bulan yang rawat inap bulan Januari – Desember 2019 di ruang Kaswari RSUD Wangaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara analitik menggunakan desain cross-sectional retrospektif. Untuk pengambilan sampel menggunakan cara systematic random sampling. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu dengan melakukan analisis univariat untuk memperoleh distribusi dan proporsi dari variabel-variabel yang diteliti serta analisis bivariat dengan uji statistik chi-square. Analitik yang dilakukan menggunakan interval kepercayaan 95% (alpha = 0,05).

Hasil: Terdapat lima puluh enam sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 58,3% diantaranya adalah laki-laki. Angka kejadian diare yang terjadi pada anak sebanyak 36 (64,3%), dari angka tersebut 38,9% berusia 6 – 12 bulan dan 61,1% berusia 13 – 24 bulan. Anak yang mendapat ASI eksklusif sebanyak 22 anak (39,3%). Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan antara ASI Eksklusif dengan angka kejadian diare pada anak usia 6 – 24 bulan (p = 0,003). Rasio prevalensi pada penelitian ini didapatkan sebesar 0,51 (< 1).

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yg signifikan antara ASI eksklusif dengan angka kejadian diare pada anak usia 6 – 24 bulan. Dari hasil rasio prevalensi 0,51, menunjukkan bahwa anak yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif memiliki risiko mengalami diare lebih rendah yaitu 0,51 kali apabila dibandingkan dengan anak yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif.

Keywords: ASI eksklusif diare anak usia 6 – 24 bulan

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How to Cite

Suliarta, A. P., Suryawan, I. W. B., & Sucipta, A. A. M. (2021). Hubungan ASI eksklusif dengan angka kejadian diare pada anak usia 6 – 24 bulan di RSUD Wangaya. Intisari Sains Medis, 12(2), 700–704. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v12i2.1032
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Andrew Permana Suliarta
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I Wayan Bikin Suryawan
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Anak Agung Made Sucipta
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