Ekstrak buah makasar (Brucea Javanica (L) Mer.) meningkatkan kadar enzim Superoksida Dismustase (SOD) mencit (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster jantan yang diinduksi paraquat

Background: Aging is a biological process where one of the contributing factors is oxidative stress due to free radicals in the body. Paraquat is an example of free radicals that are often used by oil palm plantation farmers in Bengkulu, which can trigger the aging process by reducing the enzyme Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). The provision of fruit extract of Makassar (Brucea javanica (L) Mer) contains bioactive compounds that can function as antioxidants by increasing SOD levels in the body. This study aims to prove that the fruit extract can increase the levels of SOD of male Swiss Webster mice induced by paraquat.

Methods: In vivo experimental research with randomized pretest-posttest control group design was conducted on 14 Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus) as research subjects. The research subjects were then divided into 2 groups, namely the control and the treatment group (20 mg/kgBW/day (P1) for 14 days). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 for Windows.

Results: The results showed that there was no significant increase in the mean of SOD levels either before (16.97±1.45 U/ml) or after (17.07±1.89 U/ml) treatment in the P0 group (p> 0.05). However, in the P1 group that was given paraquat induction coupled with Makassar fruit extract at a dose of 20 mg/kgBW/day for 14 days, it showed that there was a significant increase in the mean SOD levels from 17.18±1.69 U/ml to 67.56±3.65 U/ml (p <0.05).

Conclusion: Provision of Makasar fruit extract at a dose of 20 mg/kgBW/day for 14 days was found to significantly increase the mean SOD levels in Swiss Webster male mice induced by paraquat.

Latar Belakang: Penuaan adalah suatu proses biologi dimana salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah stres oksidatif akibat radikal bebas yang terjadi di dalam tubuh. Paraquat merupakan salah satu contoh radikal bebas yang sering digunakan oleh petani perkebunan sawit di Bengkulu dimana dapat memicu proses penuaan melalui penurunan kadar enzim Superoksida Dismutase (SOD). Pemberian ekstrak buah makasar (Brucea javanica (L) Mer) mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan dengan meningkatkan kadar SOD dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa ekstrak buah makasar dapat meningkatkan kadar SOD mencit jantan swiss Webster yang diinduksi paraquat.

Metode: Penelitian eksperimental secara in vivo dengan rancangan randomized pretest-posttest control group design dilakukan terhadap 14 ekor mencit (Mus musculus) swiss Webster sebagai subjek penelitian. Subjek penelitian kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan (20 mg/kgBB/hari (P1) selama 14 hari). Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 17 untuk Windows.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat peningkatan bermakna rerata kadar SOD baik sebelum (16,97±1,45 U/ml) atau setelah (17,07±1,89 U/ml) perlakuan pada kelompok P0 (p>0,05). Akan tetapi, pada kelompok P1 yang diberikan induksi paraquat ditambah dengan ekstrak buah makasar dengan dosis 20 mg/kgBB/hari selama 14 hari menujukkan terdapat peningkatan secara bermakna rerata kadar SOD dari 17,18±1,69 U/ml menjadi 67,56±3,65 U/ml (p<0,05).

Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak buah makasar dosis 20 mg/kgBB/hari selama 14 hari diketahui dapat meningkatkan rerata kadar SOD secara bermakna pada mencit jantan swiss Webster yang diinduksi paraquat.

Hubungan derajat keparahan preeklamsia dengan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di Rumah Sakit Umum Negara periode Januari 2019 - Januari 2020

Background: Preeclampsia is one of complication in pregnancy and the causal of maternal morbidity and mortality. There is an impairment of blood flow to placenta vascularization which lead to tissue hypoxia and increase the chance to develop asphyxia neonatorum. The aim of this study is to know the correlation between severity of preeclampsia and asphyxia neonatorum in Negara General Hospital on January 2019-January 2020.

Methods: The design of this study was observational analytic cross-sectional. Woman who was diagnosed with preeclampsia and delivered in Negara General Hospital, Jembrana between January 2019-January 2019 were included by total sampling. Data, such as maternal age, parity, mode of delivery, severity of preeclampsia and asphyxia neonatorum, were collected from medical record. Then, data was analyzed bivariate using chi-square test and prevalence ratio (PR) analysis was conducted. The value of p<0,05 was considered significant.

Results: As many as 170 women with preeclampsia were recruited in the study. The prevalence of birth asphyxia was 71,2% in this study. Majority of women were 20-35 years old (67,1%), parity 2-3 (50,6%), had assisted-delivery (74,7%) and severe preeclampsia (72,9%). A bivariate analysis showed the prevalence of asphyxia neonatorum was significantly higher in assisted-delivery (PR=2,541, p=0,036; 95% CI=1,044-6,188) and severe preeclampsia (PR=2,346, p=0,045; 95% CI=1,044-5,486).

Conclusion: Mode of delivery and severity of preeclampsia is associated with asphyxia neonatorum. Early identification and proper antepartum management were essential to prevent asphyxia neonatorum in mother with risk factors.

Latar Belakang: Preeklampsia adalah salah satu komplikasi kehamilan dan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Kondisi ini menyebabkan gangguan aliran darah ke vaskularisasi plasenta sehingga dapat menimbulkan hipoksia jaringan dan berpotensi menyebabkan asfiksia neonatorum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara derajat keparahan preeklampsia dan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum di Rumah Sakit Umum (RSU) Negara.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan analitik observasional desain potong-lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah wanita yang terdiagnosis dengan preeklampsia dan menjalani persalinan di RSU Negara, Jembrana dalam kurun waktu Januari 2019 – Januari 2020 yang dikumpulkan secara total sampling. Data berupa usia maternal, paritas, metode persalinan, derajat preeklampsia, dan kejadian asfiksia neonatorum didapatkan dari rekam medis. Data kemudian dianalisis secara bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan dilakukan analisis prevalence ratio (PR). Hubungan dikatakan signifikan apabila diperoleh nilai p<0,05.

Hasil: Penelitian ini mengikutsertakan 170 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sebanyak 71,2% kejadian asfiksia neonatorum tercatat dalam penelitian ini. Mayoritas ibu berusia 20-35 tahun (67,1%), memiliki paritas 2-3, melakukan persalinan dengan tindakan (74,7%), dan mengalami preeklampsia berat (72,9%). Berdasarkan hasil uji bivariat, prevalensi kejadian asfiksia neonatorum lebih tinggi pada persalinan dengan tindakan (PR=2,541, p=0,036; Confidence interval (CI) 95% 1,044-6,188) dan preeklampsia berat (PR=2,346, p=0,045; CI 95% 1,044-5,486).

Simpulan: Metode persalinan dan derajat preeklampsia berhubungan dengan kejadian asfiksia. Deteksi dini dan penanganan anterpartum yang tepat dapat membantu mencegah kejadian asfiksia neonatorum pada ibu yang berisiko.

Sindroma emboli lemak pada kasus trauma orthopedi: sebuah tinjauan pustaka

Fat embolism (FE) is defined as fat embolism circulating in the bloodstream, with or without symptoms. Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a circulatory fat embolism which is a secondary complication and causes specific clinical manifestations in the lungs, brain, skin. This incident is often found in orthopedic trauma, especially in long bone trauma, pelvis, and multiple trauma. In non-traumatic cases, such as hip or knee arthroplasty, FES may also be present. Gurd and Wilson's current criteria can help guide the diagnosis, but at this time there are no standardized diagnostic tests. There is no definitive therapy for FES and only supportive therapy.

Emboli lemak (FE) didefinisikan sebagai emboli lemak yang beredar di aliran darah, dengan atau tanpa gejala. Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) adalah emboli lemak peredaran darah yang merupakan komplikasi sekunder dan menyebabkan manifestasi klinis spesifik di paru-paru, otak, kulit. Kejadian ini sering ditemukan pada trauma ortopedi, terutama pada trauma tulang panjang, trauma panggul, dan trauma multipel. Dalam kasus non-traumatis, seperti artroplasti pinggul atau lutut, FES juga mungkin dapat ditemukan. Kriteria Gurd dan Wilson saat ini dapat membantu memandu diagnosis, tetapi saat ini belum ada tes diagnostik standar. Tidak ada terapi definitif untuk FES dan hanya terapi suportif.

Positive calretinin stain with immunohistochemistry in a 49 year-old female with cardiac myxoma: A case report

Background: Primary tumors of the heart are scarce. Cardiac myxoma is a primary benign heart tumor most often found with an incidence of 0.5-1.0 cases per million population per year and 90% diagnosed in the fourth to seventh decades of life, rarely found in children. Cardiac myxoma is three times more common in women than in men. These tumors are mostly found in the left atrium.

Case description: Female, a 49-year-old patient, came with palpitations, shortness of breath, and weakness since the previous six months. On echocardiography, found a mass in the left atrium suspected of a left atrial myxoma. Surgery was performed, and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Macroscopically, the tumor mass shows an irregular shape, brownish color, and spongy consistency. Microscopic examination shows the tumor consisting of proliferation of spindle-shaped and stellate cells, with oval to round nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm, mostly scattered, some of which are arranged cord and nest, infiltrative between the myxoid stroma and partially surround small blood vessels to form a vasoformative ring. The specimen also contains the proliferation of blood vessels, extravasation of erythrocytes, and the distribution of inflammatory cells and hemosiderophages. The result of the immunohistochemical examination with calretinin was positive.

Conclusion: This case was concluded as cardiac myxoma based on clinical features, echocardiography, macroscopic, routine histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations.