Korelasi antara kadar testosteron total dengan trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) pada pria late onset hypogonadism

Background: Late Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) is a clinical and biochemical condition in the elderly with testosterone levels below the reference value of young and healthy men, accompanied by symptoms of testosterone deficiency. Increased age or aging process is one of the factors causing sebaceous gland function decreased both regarding quantity and regarding quality associated with the function of lipid barrier. Decreased sebum gland function can be seen from several parameters, one of which is the increase of Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL). Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design to determine the relationship between total testosterone and TEWL in LOH men. This research was conducted in Outpatient Unit Andrology of dr. Soetomo from May 2017 to July 2017. 16 samples of elderly male patients (≥60 years) were selected using the consecutive sampling technique who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Performed total testosterone test and TEWL level examination by using Tewameter to the research sample. Interpretation of results adjusted to Research and Development Department, Courage & Khazaka Electronics GmbH, Koln, Germany. Results: The Total testosterone levels of the patient were ranged from 146.11 - 575.10 ng/dL with a mean of 351.67 ng/dL and standard deviation of 116.34. The TEWL level of the patients was ranged from 17.2 - 50.8 g/jam/m² with a mean of 31 g/jam/m² and standard deviation of 9.20. The correlation coefficient value between total testosterone and TEWL was -0.853 with a significance of 0.0001 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between total testosterone and TEWL. The association of total testosterone with TEWL is unidirectional. The lower the testosterone level, the higher the TEWL value.

Efektifitas tulisan dan gambar peringatan kesehatan pada produk rokok terhadap kesadaran merokok di Kabupaten Badung, Bali-2015

Starting in June 2014 tobacco products circulating in Indonesia must be accompanied by pictures and written health warnings. Pictorial warnings can raise public awareness about the impact of smoking, and advocates people to stop smoking. The research objective is to analyze changes in the awareness of smokers after the Ministry of Health policy writing and picture health warnings on the pack of cigarettes. This is an observational study with sample of the population of smokers in Badung. The sample size is 100 people. Sampling is using cluster sampling method, the number of clusters as many as 10 clusters and each cluster includes 10 respondents, 10 clusters selected by PPS. Primary data collection techniques and awareness about the characteristics of smokers using a questionnaire by the officer. Analysis of data using statistical multivariance. The results of the research article health warnings on a cigarette can alter consciousness quit smoking the next 12 months amounted to 74.2% of smokers. Picture health warnings on a cigarette can alter the consciousness of quit smoking the next 12 months amounted to 91.2% of smokers. Cigarettes contain writings average time quitting is 50.42 months and picture health warnings on a cigarette average of 18.78 months to quit smoking. There is a significant difference in the average time a smoker stopped smoking after writing and picture health warnings. We conclude that text health warnings and picture health warnings on a cigarette can raise awareness to quit smoking.

Profl pasien baru HIV di poliklinik VCT BRSU Tabanan Bali pada tahun 2009 sampai 2017

Background: HIV infection is a disease that currently becomes a global problem. Bali is one of the provinces in Indonesia with very high HIV infection new case. Badan Rumah Sakit Umum (BRSU) Tabanan is one of the leading hospitals in Tabanan. Based on data in Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) clinic in BRSU Tabanan, new diagnosed HIV patients are increasing from year to year, so research about new diagnosed HIV patient profile is needed. This research is a descriptive research. Methods: The research design used in this study is cross-sectional study. Population and sample in this study were all newly diagnosed patients with HIV infection in BRSU Tabanan VCT clinic from 2009 to 2017 with a total of 872 people were obtained by total sampling. Secondary data were then processed statistically using statistical software. Results: From this research obtained that new case is the most in the year 2016 (18,5%). With the most patient in age 30 – 39 years old age group (34,9%), male (60.1%), still in employment (22.4%), still living (93.9%), and predicted risk factor heterosexual (93,7%). When the sample is diagnosed HIV most of the patient in stadium 3 (53,6%), with the most clinical sign is weight loss more than 10% in one month (50,2%), and opportunistic infection Candidiasis (55.6%). Conclusions: In an attempt to reduce spreading of HIV, education about transmitted sexual disease and reproduction health are important, especially in high-risk groups. 

Association between educational level and hypertension with decrease of cognitive function among elderly at Puskesmas Mengwi I

Background: One of most emerging disease in elderly is the decreasing of cognitive function. Some factors that could affect cognitive function are sociodemographic factors such as genetics, age, gender, educational level, occupation also some diseases like a cerebrovascular disease, metabolic disease, brain tumor, and head trauma.

Methods: The purpose of this research was to understand the association between educational level and hypertension with a decrease of cognitive function in elderly. This research was analytic cross-sectional study. The number of samples that obtained was 41 elderly who met the inclusion criteria. The sample data obtained by filling an MMSE questionnaire to aces cognitive function.

Results: In general, 16 from 41 sample (39%) has a decrease in cognitive function. Bivariate analytic with chi-square method showed that there’s a significant relationship between educational level and a decrease of cognitive function (p= 0.001) while also showed that there’s no significant relationship between hypertension and decrease of cognitive function.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was a significant relationship between educational level and a decrease of cognitive function in elderly but no significant relationship between hypertension and decrease of cognitive function in elderly. The results of this study were expected to be used as a basis for further research in the future.

The compliance of hypertension patients in taking medication at Sukasada II Primary Health care from January - March 2016

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease where the adherence to therapy should be given serious attention. Compliance behavior is to obey the doctor's advice or procedure from the doctor about the use of drugs which had been prescribed by a consultation process between the patient and the patient's family physician. The health providers were influenced by two factors: behavioral and non-behavior factors which determined or shaped by three main factors such as predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors. The aim of this study to assess the compliances of taking medication in hypertensive patients at the Sukasada II Buleleng primary health care.

Method: It was a quantitative descriptive study. The respondents were all hypertension patients who come to the Sukasada II primary health care from the period of January to March 2016. Data were obtained through interviews and questionnaires distributed to respondents who met the inclusion criteria and exclusion. The univariate and bivariate analysis was conducted in this study.

Results: The results of the research show the number of 84 sample contained 1 subjects with good adherence, 14 subjects with moderate adherence, and 69 subjects with less adherence. The cross tabulation showed that poor medication adherence in the elderly (90.9%), followed by male gender (84.1%), low education (82.7%), higher knowledge (85.0%), perception at close distance (85.7%), travel time ≥ 15 minutes (86.0%), route conditions (84.1), do not have access difficulties (83.9), good family support (82.9), the low role of health care (100%), and did not have any comorbidities (83.1%).

Conclusion: The trend of hypertensive patients that are not taking medication mostly come from submissive to men, senior citizens, low educational level, and lesser role of healthcare personnel.

Pemberian antibiotik cefotaxime dengan konsentrasi sublethal pada isolat Klebsiella pnuemoniae yang resisten terhadap ampicilin menginduksi Multi Drug Resisten (MDR)

Background: Antibiotic resistance causes frequent infections to be difficult to treat and may aggravate the condition of infected patients which are requiring longer and more expensive antibiotic therapy. Klebsiella sp. is the most potential germ that causes nosocomial infections in the hospital. Klebsiella sp. which resulted a positive ESBL being perceived to directly exacerbate public health problems and become the center of attention in some countries, including Europe and America. Methods: This study used 32 repetitions with Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate obtained from Clinical Microbiology Installation of Sanglah General Hospital. Isolate was divided into two groups, the first group was not given the treatment of cefotaxime with sublethal concentration and the second group was given the treatment of cefotaxime with sublethal concentration. Resutls: The results of the treatment were tested by Pearson Chi Square method with the result that cefotaxime treatment with sublethal concentration significantly caused resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate and was proved by p value of 0.014 (p <0.05). Conclusions: Antibiotic test results using Vitex found isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant to more than two antibiotics and isolates are also germs that have Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL).